GB/T 11130-1989 Kerosene Burning Quality Determination Method

AI-translated method card — human verification pending. This is not an official translation of the standard. Unclear source values remain unverified; check the original standard and product certificate before use.

Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full name / English name / replacement relationship

• Standard number: GB 11130-89
• Chinese name: Kerosene Burning Quality Determination Method
• English name: Kerosine-Determination of burning quality (original text reads “Keroslne-Determination of burning quality”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
• Replacement relationship: not provided in the available source
• Drafting unit: Research Institute of Petroleum Processing is responsible for drafting; technical coordination: Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
• Main drafters: Li Zhenqing, Chen Liqing
• Reference adoption: American Society for Testing and Materials standard ASTM D187—82 “Standard Test Method for Burning Quality of Kerosine”
• Approval/implementation: approved by China Petrochemical Corporation 1989-03-31, implemented on 1990-04-01

2. Scope of application and non-applicability

• This standard specifies the standard method for determining the burning quality of kerosene.
• This standard applies to the determination of the burning quality of kerosene.
• Non-applicable scope: not provided in the available source.

3. Method principle

The sample is burned under specified conditions with a standard test lamp 16h, and the burning quality of the kerosene is judged by the average burning rate, changes in flame shape, and the density and color of the lamp chimney deposit.

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• 4.1 Industrial ethanol.
• 4.2 Hydrochloric acid: chemically pure, prepared to about 6 mol/L.
• 4.3 Petroleum ether: 90~120°C, analytical reagent.
• Safety note (original text): Industrial ethanol, petroleum ether and kerosene are all flammable, and their vapors are toxic (or harmful). They should be handled in a fume hood, and prolonged breathing of their vapors or mists should be prevented; reagent containers should be kept closed; when used and stored, they must be kept away from heat sources, sparks and open flames; prevent contact with eyes and skin, and prevent inhalation into the body. Contact of hydrochloric acid with skin can cause burns, and hydrochloric acid vapor is toxic; prevent its contact with eyes, skin and clothing, and prevent inhalation of its vapor; if contact occurs, wash thoroughly.
• Wick: width 19mm, high-quality paraffin-coated flat wick, composed of about 43 strands of three-ply cotton yarn, woven into a double-layer plain weave tape with the ends sewn together, with about 10mm interlacements per 16, generally weighing 158 per meter (unit not provided in the available source, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)). After the wick is woven, it should be boiled in distilled water and thoroughly dried; after drying, it should be rolled flat, and after seven days cut into lengths of 200mm each and stored in a suitable container. The ash content of the wick should not exceed 0.4%.

5. Apparatus and equipment

• 3.1 Test lamp: shape and dimensions are shown in Figure 1. Ensure that the lamp head can be mounted vertically on the oil container, that the wick tube has parallel sides, and that it can be installed in the center of the gap of the lamp head cap. Slight skewing of the wick tube or cap will affect the flame, making it fail to reach the specified shape and the reliability of the test.
  • Figure 1 marked dimensions (source-text extraction): ¢35, 187~193, -1$65 (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), about 1.6, ¢45, wick tube 19×3.2 (internal dimensions), ¢165, 25.
  • Note: Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance for lamp chimney dimensions is ±1mm.
• 3.2 Wick: see Section 4.
• 3.3 Flame gauge: as shown in Figure 2, made of metal, with a scale interval of 1mm, the support can be adjusted up and down, and the flame can be measured accurately to 1mm.
• 3.4 Fat extractor.

6. Recommended operating conditions

• 5.5 Laboratory: The kerosene burning quality test should be conducted in a suitably ventilated room. If necessary, the test lamp may be surrounded by a suitable shield to prevent air currents from affecting the test (a shield made of thin iron plate about 600mm high and about 600mm in diameter may be used).
• 5.6 Position of test lamps: the distance between two test lamps, and between a test lamp and a wall or obstacle, should be at least 300mm.
• 5.7 Test temperature: keep the laboratory temperature above 15°C, and allow the sample temperature to differ from the average laboratory temperature by 5°C.
• 6.1 Dry the wick in an oven at 105±2°C for 1h.
• 6.6 Burning time: 16h (or the time specified in the product standard).

7. Sampling and sample preparation

• 5.1 Completely pour out the sample remaining in the oil container from the previous test, and rinse it several times successively with a small amount of sample.
• 6.1 Filter the sample with industrial filter paper to remove suspended matter. Rinse the oil container several times with sample, then pour 900mL of sample into the oil container, and assemble the test lamp.
• Other sampling requirements: not provided in the available source.

8. Analytical procedure

• 5.2 Thoroughly clean the lamp head with petroleum ether, and completely remove all deposits from the wick tube, air holes and tube.
• 5.3 Soak a new lamp chimney in about 6 mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid for 24h. Scrub with a test tube brush, then rinse thoroughly with distilled water, and dry completely. Then subject this lamp chimney to at least three pre-burnings of 16h each. Before each pre-burning, first clean with detergent and hot water, then rinse thoroughly with distilled water and dry. A new lamp chimney meets the requirement only if the deposit after the third pre-burning is similar to the deposit after burning the same kerosene for 16h in the lamp chimney from the previous pre-burning (or a used lamp chimney). Otherwise, continue burning and cleaning the lamp chimney as described above until it meets the requirement.
• 5.4 Place several wicks in a heated fat extractor (taking care to prevent the wicks from deforming), extract with boiling water, and extract continuously for 3h counted from the end of the first siphon cycle. Remove the wicks, lay them flat between several sheets of filter paper, and gently press the filter paper to remove excess water. Then extract the wicks with industrial ethanol in an unheated fat extractor for 3h. Then drain off as much industrial ethanol as possible from the fat extractor, and continue extraction with petroleum ether for 1h.
• 6.1 Dry the wick in an oven at 105±2°C for 1h, soak it in the sample while still hot, and then install the wick into the wick tube. Filter the sample with industrial filter paper to remove suspended matter. Rinse the oil container several times with sample, then pour 900mL of sample into the oil container, and assemble the test lamp.
• 6.2 Remove the lamp chimney and cap, and carefully trim the wick with sharp scissors so that it forms a smooth and symmetrical flame of standard dimensions as shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 3 labels: 1— flame; 2— top of cap; 3— wick tube; dimension labels 6.5, 25 (unit not provided in the available source, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 6.3 Wick trimming procedure: first cut the wick flush with the wick tube using sharp scissors. Then raise the wick, cut off a triangular portion from each corner, and slightly round the sharp corners (as shown in Figure 4). Then cut off the protruding uneven parts from the upper edge of the wick so that it has a slight bevel (as shown in Figure 5). Be careful not to squeeze the wick with your hands. Trim until a smooth and symmetrical flame without pointed or uneven parts can be formed (as shown in Figure 3). During trimming, light the test lamp from time to time so as to calibrate and check the flame shape.
  • Figure 4 front view of wick (label: about 3, unit not provided in the available source, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); Figure 5 side view of wick (label: slightly beveled).
• 6.4 After the wick has been trimmed, light the test lamp so that it forms the shape and dimensions of the standard flame, and burn for 0.5h. Extinguish the lamp, then trim flat and cut off carbonized fibers, relight the test lamp, and recalibrate the flame shape and dimensions. Extinguish the test lamp, cool the lamp chimney, wash it with hot water, and dry it with a clean lint-free cloth.
• 6.5 After the wick has been trimmed and the lamp chimney has been washed, light the test lamp and burn for 0.5h. Readjust the flame to the standard dimensions, then weigh the test lamp (without extinguishing the lamp), weighing accurately to 1g (original text reads “18”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)). After 1h, weigh the test lamp again, and calibrate the flame dimensions and further trim the wick according to the burning rate at which the sample is consumed per hour by 224g. Usually, the sample consumption is needed only when calibrating the standard burning conditions, because the shape and dimensions of the standard flame are specified, and the initial sample consumption is always within these limits.
• 6.6 During the test, without any adjustment, after the first weighing, continue burning for 16h (or the time specified in the product standard). After completion, weigh the test lamp, weighing accurately to 1g (original text reads “18”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), and record changes in flame height, width and shape, accurate to 1mm.
• 6.7 Check the density and color of the lamp chimney deposit.

9. Qualitative and quantitative determination and calculation formulas

• 8.1 The average burning rate of the sample, accurate to 1g/h (original text reads “18/h”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)). Take the arithmetic mean of the results of repeated determinations as the average burning rate.
• 8.2 The final flame dimensions, accurate to 1mm. Take the arithmetic mean of the results of repeated determinations as the final flame dimensions of the sample.
• 8.3 The density of the lamp chimney deposit (none, light, medium or heavy) and color (colorless, white, yellow or brown). Take the higher grade of the results of repeated determinations as the result for the density and color of the lamp chimney deposit.
• Calculation formula: not provided in the available source (the precision section uses X₁, X₂ to represent the average of two determinations/two results, and no calculation formula is given).

10. Precision

Judge the reliability of the test results according to the following provisions (95% confidence level).

7.1 Repeatability: For the same operator using the same apparatus, the difference between two repeated determination results should not exceed the following provisions.

where X₁ is the average of two results.

7.2 Reproducibility: The difference between two results submitted by two laboratories should not exceed the following provisions.

where X₂ is the average of two results.

(Note: The numbering in the precision section of the original text is “1.1” “7.2”, in which “1.1” is suspected to be a source-text extraction error for “7.1”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction).)

11. Report

• 8.1 The average burning rate of the sample, accurate to 1g/h (original text reads “18/h”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)). Take the arithmetic mean of the results of repeated determinations as the average burning rate.
• 8.2 The final flame size, accurate to 1mm. Take the arithmetic mean of the repeated measurement results as the final flame size of the test sample.
• 8.3 The density (none, light, medium, or heavy) and color (colorless, white, yellow, or brown) of the lamp chimney deposit. Take the higher grade of the repeated measurement results as the result for the density and color of the lamp chimney deposit.

12. Referenced documents

• ASTM D187—82 "Standard Test Method for Burning Properties of Kerosene" (referenced and adopted).
• Other referenced documents: not provided in the available source.

13. Source and verification

This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.

14. Quick Q&A reference