GB/T 11147-2025 Method for sampling asphalt

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1. Method number / full title / English title / replacement relationship

• Standard number: GB/T 11147—2025
• Chinese title: Method for sampling asphalt
• English title: Method for sampling asphalt materials
• Replacement relationship: replaces GB/T 11147—2010 "Method for sampling asphalt"
• Previous versions: first published in 1989 as GB/T 11147—1989, first revision in 2010; this is the second revision
• Publication / implementation: published on 2025-10-05, implemented on 2026-05-01
• Custodian: National Technical Committee for Standardization of Petroleum Products and Lubricants (SAC/TC 280)
• Proposed and custodian: National Technical Committee for Standardization of Petroleum Products and Lubricants (SAC/TC 280)
• Drafting organizations: Qilu Branch of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, China University of Petroleum (East China), Foshan Highway and Bridge Engineering Monitoring Station Co., Ltd.
• Main drafters: Chang Yuyan, Feng Qingchun, Guo Ning, Xu Rihui, Zhang Yuzhen, Zhu Chuanrong, Sun Xianju, Han Chunlai, Kuang Qiang

Main technical changes compared with GB/T 11147—2010:

• a) deleted the routine inspection sampling amount (see 2010 version 4.1.1), the sampling amount from storage tanks (see 2010 version 4.1.2), and the sampling amount from drums (see 2010 version 4.1.3);
• b) added the sample amount for liquid asphalt (see 5.1);
• c) changed the "solid or semi-solid sample amount" (see 5.2, 2010 version 4.2);
• d) deleted the wide-mouth requirement among the types of sample containers (see 2010 version 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.1.3);
• e) added relevant content on the under-tank sampler method (see 7.1.2.4);
• f) added the requirement for sampling with a removable online sampling device when discharging to about one-half (see 7.2.2);
• g) deleted the referenced documents in sampling of crushed or powdered asphalt (see 2010 version 6.6.1, 6.6.2), and added the detailed sampling process (see 7.6.1, 7.6.2);
• h) deleted the temperature requirement that all marking materials should be kept intact at temperatures above 200 ℃ (see 2010 version 7.6);
• i) added the information content of the sample label (see 8.7).

2. Scope of application and non-application

• This document describes sampling methods for asphalt materials at production, storage or delivery locations.
• This document applies to sampling of asphalt materials at production, storage or delivery locations.
• Non-application: the source text does not clearly list a scope of non-application; only a local clause notes "bottom-entry sampler method (not applicable to asphalt with high viscosity at storage temperature)" (see 7.1.2.2).
• Warning: this document does not address safety regulations related to use; if necessary, the user of the standard is responsible for establishing appropriate safety precautions before use.

3. Method principle

The source text does not provide a centralized "method principle" section. This document is a sampling method standard, specifying sampling operations and sample protection requirements according to sampling location, sample state, and container type.

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

Not provided in the available source.

5. Instruments and equipment

The source text does not provide a centralized "instruments and equipment" section. The sampling tools and devices mentioned in the text include:

• Sampling valve (see Figure 1)
• Bottom-entry sampler (see Figure 2)
• Top-entry sampler (see Figure 3, key to reference numbers: 1—— lifting ring; 2—— polytetrafluoroethylene plug; 3—— handle)
• Under-tank sampler (see 7.1.2.4)
• Removable online sampling device / asphalt online sampling device (see Figure 4, see 7.2.2, 7.3.2.1)
• Sampler (see 7.2.1, 7.4)
• Shovel (see 7.6.1)
• Clean hammer head, clean suitable tools (see 7.5.1)
• Iron plate (see 7.6.1)
• Box, lid (see 7.6.1)
• Sample container (see Chapter 6)

6. Recommended operating conditions

The source text does not provide a centralized "recommended operating conditions" section. Relevant operating conditions are scattered throughout the sampling clauses, for example:

• Before sampling from a storage tank, the inlet valve and outlet valve should first be closed (see 7.1.1).
• Sampling valve installation positions: the storage tank is divided into three equal parts according to safe height; the first sampling valve is installed at the upper one-third of the storage tank, but not less than 1 m from the tank top; the second sampling valve is installed at the middle one-third of the storage tank; the third sampling valve is installed at the lower one-third of the storage tank, and not lower than 1.1 m from the tank bottom (see 7.1.2.1).
• Each sampling valve should discharge at least 4 L of asphalt product before a 1 L~4 L sample may be taken (see 7.1.2.1).
• When sampling from a sampling valve, first discharge 4 L of asphalt before sampling (see 7.2.1).
• When sampling from an online sampling device, first discharge 4 L of asphalt before sampling (see 7.2.2).
• The pipe diameter of the portion of the online sampling device extending into the pipeline is less than one-eighth of the pipeline diameter; the opening should face the asphalt flow direction, and sampling should be controlled by installing a valve or cock (see 7.3.2.1).
• Crushed or powdered asphalt: within 24 h, the sample should be crushed into pieces no larger than 25 mm; then further crushed into pieces of 5 mm~10 mm (see 7.6.1).

7. Sampling and sample preparation

7.1 Selection of sampling location (Chapter 4)

To check asphalt quality, sample at the production plant or storage site before shipment; when sampling at the production plant or storage site is not possible, sample at the delivery location at that time.

7.2 Sample amount (Chapter 5)

• 5.1 Liquid asphalt sample amount: the liquid asphalt sampling amount is 1 L~4 L (emulsified asphalt 4 L).
• 5.2 Solid or semi-solid sample amount:
  • 5.2.1 The sampling amount for semi-solid or unbroken solid asphalt is 4 kg.
  • 5.2.2 The sampling amount for crushed or powdered asphalt is 1 kg~2 kg.

7.3 Sample container (Chapter 6)

• 6.1 Types of sample containers:
  • 6.1.1 The sample container for liquid asphalt (excluding emulsified asphalt) or semi-solid asphalt should preferably be a metal container with a sealed lid.
  • 6.1.2 The sample container for emulsified asphalt should preferably be a plastic container with a sealed lid.
  • 6.1.3 The sample container for crushed asphalt or powdered asphalt should preferably be a metal container with a sealed lid; a plastic bag may also be used, and this plastic bag should have reliable outer packaging.
• 6.2 Size of the sample container: select an appropriate sample container according to the sampling amount.

7.4 Sampling method (Chapter 7)

7.4.1 Sampling from asphalt storage tanks

• 7.1.1 General requirements: the inlet valve and outlet valve should first be closed, and then sampling should be carried out.
• 7.1.2 Sampling from a storage tank without agitation (asphalt is liquid or can become liquid upon heating):
  • 7.1.2.1 Sampling valve method: if the storage tank permits installation of a sampling valve for sampling, the valve should have a simple and safe inlet and be installed on one side of the storage tank. The storage tank is divided into three equal parts according to safe height; the first sampling valve is installed at the upper one-third of the storage tank, but not less than 1 m from the tank top; the second sampling valve is installed at the middle one-third of the storage tank; the third sampling valve is installed at the lower one-third of the storage tank, and not lower than 1.1 m from the tank bottom. The schematic diagram of the sampling valve is shown in Figure 1. Sample sequentially from the upper, middle, and lower sampling valves; each sampling valve should discharge at least 4 L of asphalt product before a 1 L–4 L sample may be taken. After the upper, middle, and lower samples taken from the storage tank are fully mixed uniformly, take 1 L–4 L for the required testing.
  • 7.1.2.2 Bottom-entry sampler method (not applicable to asphalt with high viscosity at storage temperature): put the bottom-entry sampler into the storage tank, and sample 1 L–4 L at each of the upper, middle, and lower positions according to the actual liquid level height in the storage tank; the sampler should be drained as much as possible after each sampling. After the upper, middle, and lower samples taken from the storage tank are fully mixed uniformly, take 1 L–4 L for the required testing. The bottom-entry sampler is shown in Figure 2.
  • 7.1.2.3 Top-entry sampler method: put the top-entry sampler into the storage tank, and sample 1 L–4 L at each of the upper, middle, and lower positions according to the actual liquid level height in the storage tank; the sampler should be drained as much as possible after each sampling. After the upper, middle, and lower samples taken from the storage tank are fully mixed uniformly, take 1 L–4 L for the required testing. The top-entry sampler is shown in Figure 3.
  • 7.1.2.4 Under-tank sampler method: install an under-tank sampler on the storage tank, and its internal structure should be able to satisfy the upper, middle, and lower sampling positions described in 7.1.2.1. The upper, middle, and lower sampling lines should have independent replacement devices to ensure that the asphalt in the lines and valves is fully replaced. After the upper, middle, and lower samples taken from the under-tank sampler are fully mixed uniformly, take 1 L~4 L for the required testing.
• 7.1.3 Sampling from a storage tank with agitation equipment (asphalt is liquid or can become liquid upon heating): first stir the asphalt fully and uniformly, then take a 1 L~4 L sample from the middle of the tank by any one of the methods in 7.1.2.1, 7.1.2.2, 7.1.2.3, 7.1.2.4 for the required testing.

7.4.2 Sampling from tank cars, tank trucks, and asphalt distributors

• 7.2.1 When the vehicle is equipped with a sampling valve, top cover, or discharge valve, sampling may be carried out from the sampling valve, top cover, or discharge valve. When sampling from the sampling valve, first discharge 4 L of asphalt before sampling; when sampling from the top cover, use a sampler to sample from the middle of the container; when sampling from the discharge valve, sampling should be carried out when discharging to about one-half.
• 7.2.2 Alternatively, a removable online sampling device as shown in Figure 4 may be installed on the discharge line; when about one-half has been discharged, use this sampling device to take a sample. When sampling from the online sampling device, first drain off 4 L of asphalt before sampling.

7.4.3 Sampling from tankers and barges

• 7.3.1 Sampling before unloading: For liquid asphalt (including light asphalt that can become liquid upon heating), when sampling before unloading, samples may be taken by the methods described in 7.1.2.2 and 7.1.2.3.
• 7.3.2 Sampling from pipelines during loading and unloading:
  • 7.3.2.1 During loading and unloading, samples can be conveniently taken by installing a sampling device on the pump outlet line or on the line where asphalt flows out by gravity. The online sampling device is shown in Figure 4. The diameter of the pipe portion of the sampling device extending into the pipeline is less than one-eighth of the pipeline diameter, the opening should face the direction of asphalt flow, and sampling is controlled by installing a valve or cock. According to the time required for loading and unloading, take at least three 4 L samples at uniform intervals. After loading and unloading is completed, thoroughly mix the samples taken uniformly, then take a 4 L sample from them for the required testing.
  • 7.3.2.2 Alternatively, sample directly from the outlet line of a tanker or barge with a capacity of 4000 m³ or slightly less; throughout the entire loading and unloading process, take at least five 4 L samples at uniform intervals according to the loading and unloading time; when the capacity is greater than 4000 m³, take at least ten 4 L samples; after loading and unloading is completed, thoroughly mix these samples uniformly, then take a 4 L sample from them for the required testing.

7.4.4 Sampling from drums

According to the random sampling requirements of 7.5, take 1 L of liquid asphalt from thoroughly mixed drums using a sampler.

7.4.5 Sampling of semi-solid or unbroken solid asphalt

• 7.5.1 Sampling method: When sampling from drums, bags, or boxes, samples should be taken at least 75 mm below the sample surface and inside the container sides. If the asphalt is breakable, break it with a clean hammer before sampling; if the asphalt is soft, cut and sample with a clean suitable tool.
• 7.5.2 Sampling quantity:
  • 7.5.2.1 Sampling quantity for the same batch of product: When it can be confirmed that the product is from the same production batch, randomly select one piece and take 4 kg as specified in 7.5.1 for testing.
  • 7.5.2.2 Sampling quantity for non-same-batch products: When it cannot be confirmed that the product is from the same production batch, or when samples taken as required for the same batch of product fail to meet specification requirements upon testing, then select several pieces according to the random sampling principle and sample as specified in 7.5.1; the number of pieces equals the cube root of the total number of pieces. The number of sample pieces to be taken for different numbers of loaded pieces is listed in Table 1. When the number of sampled pieces exceeds one, the mass of each sample should be no less than 0.1 kg; after the samples thus taken are thoroughly mixed uniformly, take 4 kg for testing. When it is not one batch of product and the batches can be clearly distinguished, take 4 kg samples from each batch for testing.

Table 1 Number of sample pieces to be taken for different numbers of loaded pieces

7.4.6 Sampling of crushed or powdered asphalt

• 7.6.1 Asphalt stored in bulk: For crushed or powdered solid asphalt stored in bulk, when stored in piles or during loading and unloading, samples should be taken with a shovel according to the different transfer methods. When using mechanical conveying, sample according to 20% of the number of hopper loads; when using vehicle transport, sample according to 10% of the number of vehicles; when transported by handcart or shoulder pole, sample according to 2% of the number of cartloads or pole loads. The samples taken should be mixed in approximately equal quantities into one average sample, and the total sample amount should be no less than 25 kg. It is not permitted to arbitrarily select a few pieces of solid asphalt by hand as a sample. Blocks visually larger than 250 mm cannot be used as samples. Place the samples taken into a box, mix well, and cover with a lid. Within 24 h, crush the samples into small pieces no larger than 25 mm. Place the crushed samples on an iron plate, carefully mix well, spread into a uniform square layer, and then divide along the diagonals into four triangles. Then remove the samples of any two opposite triangles, mix the remaining samples together, re-crush into small pieces of 5 mm–10 mm, and mix well. Repeatedly perform the above quartering method at a location where dust and rain or snow are unlikely to intrude, until the sample mass reaches 1 kg–2 kg for testing.
• 7.6.2 Asphalt stored in drums, bags, or boxes: For crushed or powdered solid asphalt stored in drums, bags, or boxes, select several pieces according to the random sampling principle described in 7.5, take at least 0.5 kg sample from near the center of each piece; the total sample amount thus collected should be no less than 25 kg, then perform the quartering operation as specified in 7.6.1, and take 1 kg~2 kg from it for testing.

7.4.7 Sampling at the delivery location

• 7.7.1 Samples should be taken as soon as possible upon arrival at the destination, storage location, place of use, or unloading.
• 7.7.2 For each delivery, sufficient quantities of asphalt samples required must be taken.
• 7.7.3 Sampling may be performed before unloading as specified in 7.1~7.6, or by installing a sampling valve or other sampling device at the middle one-third of the transport tank.
• 7.7.4 A portion of the samples taken is used for acceptance testing, and the other samples are retained in case the first sample fails the test for re-examination.

7.5 Protection and storage of samples (Chapter 8)

• 8.1 Sample containers should be clean and dry, with tightly fitting lids. Used old containers should be washed clean and meet the above requirements before reuse.
• 8.2 Take care to prevent sample contamination; the sample container should be sealed immediately after the sample is placed in it.
• 8.3 Containers filled with samples must not be immersed in solvent, nor wiped with cloth soaked in solvent. If cleaning is needed, wipe with a clean dry cloth.
• 8.4 Emulsified asphalt should be properly packaged to prevent freezing; the sample container should be filled to the brim to avoid skin formation at the interface between air and emulsion.
• 8.5 When transferring a sample from one container to another, the requirements of this sampling method should be met.
• 8.6 After the sample container is filled with the sample, sealed, and wiped clean, it should be marked with a suitable marking pen on the sample container (not on the lid). If a label is firmly affixed to the sample container for identification, ensure that the label is not lost during transfer; the label must not be affixed to the lid of the sample container. All marking materials should remain intact during storage, sample preparation, and testing.
• 8.7 The sample label should at least include product information or material type, and the sampling date. The following information should preferably be provided on the label:
  • a) Name of sample type;
  • b) Sample batch number;
  • c) Sampling location;
  • d) Sampling date and time;
  • e) Sampler.
• 8.8 For asphalt samples used for quality arbitration, sampling shall be conducted jointly by both the supplier and the buyer, and after sampling, both parties shall sign and seal the seal. One portion is used for testing, and one portion is retained for backup.

8. Analytical procedure

Not provided in the available source. This document is a sampling method standard and has no analytical procedure chapter; sampling operations are given in Section 7.

9. Qualitative and quantitative determination and calculation formulas

Not provided in the available source.

10. Precision

Not provided in the available source.

11. Report

Not provided in the available source as an independent "Report" chapter. Requirements for sample identification and label information are given in 8.6, 8.7.

12. Normative references

• This document has no normative references (see Chapter 2).
• Drafting basis: GB/T 1.1—2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents".

13. Source and verification

This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.

14. Quick reference for questions and answers