GB/T 17280-1998 Standard test method for distillation of crude petroleum

Summary page. This page is a compiled excerpt/summary of the standard — it is not the full standard text and does not replace it. Verify every value against the official standard and the product certificate before use.

Evidence note: historical study material for the 1998 edition, not the full text of the standard; technical review is pending. The PDF held comprises 38 pages, running from the foreword to Figure K2 of Annex K; no cover, copyright end page or unlisted chromatogram points have been added. The original carries doubts about certain table columns, pressure units and precision; it cannot serve as a basis for direct operation, conformity judgement or product applicability claims. The edition year is not changed, and instrument drawings and curves are not redrawn as manufacturing drawings or precise algorithms.

1. Method identity and version boundaries: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. The body pages of the original state GB/T 17280-1998, approved 1998-03-20 and implemented 1998-09-01. The foreword states that the edition is based on the then-current ASTM D2892-90 and lists the changes to the sampling temperature and to the density reference temperature; this is not a basis for claiming equivalence with the current ASTM standard. The National Standards Information Public Service Platform record for the 1998 edition is marked as withdrawn, while the public platform record for the 2009 edition notes implementation on 2009-11-01 and replacement of the 1998 edition. Both records belong to the platform of the State Administration for Market Regulation and must not be presented as two independent verifications of technical originals. This card serves only for understanding this edition; current applicability is not presumed.

2. Scope and boundaries of non-applicability: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. This edition addresses true-boiling-point distillation of stabilized crude oil, using 14 to 18 theoretical plates and a usual reflux of 5:1, with atmospheric-equivalent temperatures up to 400 °C. It does not apply to liquefied petroleum gas, to very light naphtha, or to mixtures whose initial boiling point is above 400 °C. The distillate yields obtained depend on column efficiency, holdup, reflux, pressure and sample handling conditions; a single boiling-point figure cannot be used to judge whether a product or an oil batch is acceptable.

3. Principle and meaning of the results: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. Fractions are separated in order of increasing boiling point; mass, density and the vapour temperature at each pressure are recorded, converted to atmospheric-equivalent temperature, and reported as mass or volume yields. The original gives a sample size of 1 to 30 dm³ and a column internal diameter of 25 to 70 mm. In the low-pressure stage the reflux may be recorded in this edition as 2:1, against 5:1 in the other steps; the two must not be used interchangeably. Static holdup, dynamic holdup and the allocation of losses all affect the material balance; a temperature curve cannot replace the balance record.

4. Referenced documents and terminology: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. This edition lists GB/T 260-77, 1884-92, 1885-83, 2540-81, 4756-84, 8929-88 and 9168-1997, and SY/T 0542-94 and 7504-94. These referenced identities are retained; versions are not silently updated. The debutanized crude oil received should contain at least 95% of the original C2 to C4 and not more than 5% C5; total reflux, distribution reflux, flooding point and static/dynamic holdup are to be understood separately, and the definition of reflux ratio must not be conflated with the time ratios of the individual steps.

5. Reagents and safety boundaries: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. The annex checks involve n-heptane, methylcyclohexane, n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane, stearic acid and inert gas. The original notes that crude oil may contain hydrogen sulphide, and that hot glassware, flammable vapour, vacuum, low temperature and inert gas must all be controlled. This study card must not be used in place of a risk assessment. Air must not be admitted once the vacuum is released; the specific depressurization, isolation and protection measures are determined by the laboratory's controlled procedures and are not to be inferred from certificate or transport/storage statements on this website.

6. Apparatus and checks: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. The flask capacity must be at least 50% greater than the sample volume; glass flasks larger than 10 dm³ are not recommended. Heating power, jacket temperature difference, column efficiency, sensor position/response, reflux splitting and pressure verification form a single measurement chain. Receivers hold 100 to 500 cm³ with a minimum graduation of 1% of capacity; vapour temperature is read to 0.5 °C. The ability of the vacuum system to fall from atmospheric pressure to 0.266 kPa or lower, and the low-pressure calibration of the manometer, are verified separately. The 126 cells of the column packing matrix in Table 1 of the original have been compared independently against the source image and agree; this confirms transcription only, and the column material and size table is not abstracted into the parameters of any particular product. | Item / unit | Propak 25 mm | Propak 50 mm | Propak 70 mm | Helipak 25 mm | Helipak 50 mm | Perforated plates 25 mm | Perforated plates 50 mm | Goodloe wire mesh 25 mm | Goodloe wire mesh 50 mm | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Column internal diameter / mm | 25 | 50 | 70 | 25 | 50 | 25 | 50 | 25 | 50 | | Packing size / mm | 4 | 6 | 6 | #2 917 | #2 918 | — | — | — | — | | Distillation rate / cm³/(h·cm²) | 650 | 670 | 675 | 300 | 350 | 640 | 660 | 810 | 1 050 | | Dynamic holdup / % | 17 | 15.3 | 17.0 | 15 | 14.3 | — | 8.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | | Dynamic holdup per theoretical plate / cm³/theoretical plate | 3.2 | 16 | 393 | 1.6 | 8.7 | — | 12.3 | 2.0 | 26 | | Pressure drop / kPa | 9.0 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 4 | 10.6 | Not applicable | Not applicable | 6.9 | 5.6 | | Pressure drop per theoretical plate / kPa/theoretical plate | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.08 | 0.34 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.35 | 0.37 | | Height equivalent to a theoretical plate / mm/theoretical plate | 38 | 53 | 61 | 21 | 32 | (60%) | (65%) | 48 | 66 | | Packing height (column of 15 theoretical plates) / cm | 57 | 80 | 91 | 31.5 | 48 | 25 plates | 23 plates | 72 | 99 | | Packing volume (column of 15 theoretical plates) / cm³ | 280 | 1 570 | 34 600 | 155 | 917 | — | — | 353 | 1 940 | | Dynamic holdup (column of 15 theoretical plates) / cm³ | 47 | 240 | 5 900 | 23 | 131 | — | 184 | 28 | 194 | | Pressure drop (column of 15 theoretical plates) / kPa | 5.1 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 1.3 | 5.1 | 16.5 | 27.6 | 5.3 | 5.5 | | Sample volume at 2% holdup (min) / dm³ | 2.4 | 12.0 | 30 | 1.0 | 6.5 | — | 9.2 | 1.4 | 9.7 | | Sample volume at 4% holdup (max) / dm³ | 1.2 | 6.0 | 15 | 0.525 | 3.3 | — | 4.6 | 0.7 | 4.9 |

7. Sample preparation and charging: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. Sample under closed, leak-free conditions; cool to 0 to 5 °C, or for high-pour-point crude oil heat to 5 °C above the pour point until melted; the two conditions must not be applied indiscriminately together. Where the water content exceeds 0.1%, dehydrate in accordance with Annex H. The sample weighing error is ±0.1%; the charge size is linked to the condition of 2% to 4% dynamic holdup at 75% of the maximum distillation rate. Record density at 20 °C or 15 °C and use the same temperature basis throughout the balance.

8. Study points for the staged distillation: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. The debutanization condenser coolant is not above −20 °C; gas recovery and the analysis of the first fraction are recorded separately. At atmospheric pressure the reflux is usually 5:1 with a 20 to 30 s cycle, cutting at 5 °C or 10 °C intervals. Fractions below 65 °C use a receiver at 0 °C or colder. At atmospheric pressure the vapour must not exceed 210 °C and the liquid must not exceed 310 °C; if flooding is observed, heating must be reduced and equilibrium restored, not further distillate forced out. The 13.3 kPa stage and the lower-pressure stages are recorded separately for vapour temperature, liquid temperature, pressure, time and volume. The original, clause 9.5.1, gives the low-pressure range as 13.3 to 0.266 kPa with a maximum cut point of 400 °C AET; clause 9.5.7 closes the vacuum pump and admits inert gas after cooling below 230 °C. This is only an index for understanding the procedure, not an executable operating instruction; the instrument drawings, curves and controlled safety conditions are not fully replaced by this card. Table 2: 13.3 kPa; the measured temperature is formed from the row base plus the units column, and the cell value is the atmospheric-equivalent temperature in °C. Values with an anomalous source number are listed separately [to be verified] and the table is not an automatic calculation sheet. | Measured temperature, base °C | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | | 50 | 108.5 | 109.7 | 110.8 | 112.0 | 113.1 | 114.2 | 115.4 | 116.5 | 117.6 | 118.8 | | 60 | 119.9 | 121.0 | 122.2 | 123.3 | 124.4 | 125.6 | 126.7 | 127.9 | 129.0 | 130.1 | | 70 | 131.3 | 132.4 | 133.5 | 134.7 | 135.8 | 136.9 | 138.0 | 139.2 | 140.3 | 141.4 | | 80 | 142.6 | 143.7 | 144.8 | 146.0 | 147.1 | 148.2 | 149.4 | 150.5 | 151.6 | 152.7 | | 90 | 153.9 | 155.0 | 156.1 | 157.2 | 158.4 | 159.5 | 160.6 | 161.8 | 162.9 | 164.0 | | 100 | 165.1 | 166.3 | 167.4 | 168.5 | 169.6 | 170.8 | 171.9 | 173.0 | 174.1 | 175.3 | | 110 | 176.4 | 177.5 | 178.6 | 179.7 | 180.9 | 182.0 | 183.1 | 184.2 | 185.4 | 186.5 | | 120 | 187.6 | 188.7 | 189.8 | 191.0 | 192.1 | 193.2 | 194.3 | 195.4 | 196.6 | 197.7 | | 130 | 198.8 | 199.9 | 201.0 | 202.1 | 203.3 | 204.4 | 205.5 | 206.6 | 207.7 | 208.8 | | 140 | 210.0 | 211.1 | 212.2 | 213.3 | 214.4 | 215.5 | 216.6 | 217.8 | 218.9 | 220.0 | | 150 | 221.1 | 223.2 | 223.3 | 224.4 | 225.6 | 226.7 | 227.8 | 228.9 | 230.0 | 231.1 | | 160 | 232.2 | 233.3 | 234.4 | 235.6 | 236.7 | 237.8 | 238.9 | 240.0 | 241.1 | 242.2 | | 170 | 243.3 | 244.4 | 245.5 | 246.6 | 247.7 | 248.9 | 250.0 | 251.1 | 252.2 | 253.3 | | 180 | 254.4 | 255.5 | 256.6 | 257.7 | 258.8 | 259.9 | 261.0 | 262.1 | 263.2 | 264.3 | | 190 | 265.4 | 266.5 | 267.6 | 268.7 | 269.8 | 270.9 | 272.0 | 273.2 | 274.3 | 275.4 | | 200 | 276.3 | 277.6 | 278.7 | 279.8 | 280.9 | 282.0 | 283.1 | 284.2 | 285.3 | 286.4 | | 210 | 287.5 | 288.5 | 289.6 | 290.7 | 291.8 | 292.9 | 294.0 | 295.1 | 296.2 | 297.2 | | 220 | 298.4 | 299.5 | 300.6 | 301.7 | 302.8 | 303.9 | 305.0 | 306.1 | 307.2 | 308.6 | | 230 | 309.4 | 310.5 | 311.6 | 312.7 | 313.7 | 314.8 | 315.9 | 317.0 | 318.1 | 319.2 | | 240 | 320.3 | 321.4 | 322.5 | 323.6 | 324.7 | 325.8 | 326.8 | 327.9 | 329.0 | 330.1 | | 250 | 331.2 | 332.3 | 333.4 | 334.5 | 335.6 | 336.6 | 337.7 | 338.8 | 339.9 | 341.0 |

9. Temperature conversion and formula boundaries: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. Tables 2, 3 and 4 correspond to 13.3, 1.33 and 0.266 kPa respectively. The first independent comparison of the 420 manually transcribed cells of Tables 3 and 4 matched 418 cells and disagreed on 2; the failure record is retained. The consolidated copy has been corrected against the source image to 218.0 at the 59 °C cell and 346.6 at the 163 °C cell of Table 4. The series anomaly at 218.0 remains [to be verified] and must not be inferred from neighbouring cells as 213.0. The further 210 cells of Table 2 agree with the source image; the anomalous source values 151 °C → 223.2, 200 °C → 276.3 and 229 °C → 308.6 are retained as [to be verified]. Annex J, original equations: J1: AET = 748.1A/[1/(T+273) + 0.3861A − 0.00051606] − 273. J2: A = (5.143324 − 0.972546·logP)/(2579.329 − 95.76·logP). J3: K = ∛[1.8(B+273)]/D, where D is outside the root, B is the mid-boiling point in °C and D is the density at 15 °C. J4: t = −1.4(K−12)·log(Pa/Pb). The base of the logarithm is not stated on this page; it is not converted to ln here and no calculation software is produced. The J1/J2 temperature conversions above are limited to fractions with K = 12.0 ± 0.2 and 38 to 371 °C; P is defined as 0.27 to 101.3 kPa and is kept separate from the 0.266 kPa written in Table 4. Figure 5, J1 and J2 are not digitized, and no claim is made that arbitrary interpolation is exact. Table 3: 1.33 kPa; the measured temperature is formed from the row base plus the units column, and the cell value is the atmospheric-equivalent temperature in °C. Values with an anomalous source number are listed separately [to be verified] and the table is not an automatic calculation sheet. | Measured temperature, base °C | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | | 50 | 165.8 | 167.1 | 168.3 | 169.6 | 170.8 | 172.1 | 173.3 | 174.6 | 175.9 | 177.1 | | 60 | 178.4 | 179.6 | 180.9 | 182.1 | 183.4 | 184.6 | 185.9 | 187.1 | 188.4 | 189.6 | | 70 | 190.9 | 192.1 | 193.4 | 194.6 | 195.9 | 197.1 | 198.4 | 199.6 | 200.9 | 202.1 | | 80 | 203.4 | 204.6 | 205.9 | 207.1 | 208.3 | 209.6 | 210.8 | 212.1 | 213.3 | 214.5 | | 90 | 215.8 | 217.0 | 218.3 | 219.5 | 220.7 | 222.0 | 223.2 | 224.4 | 225.7 | 226.9 | | 100 | 228.1 | 229.4 | 230.6 | 231.8 | 233.1 | 234.3 | 235.5 | 236.8 | 238.0 | 239.2 | | 110 | 240.4 | 241.7 | 242.9 | 244.1 | 245.4 | 246.6 | 247.8 | 249.0 | 250.3 | 251.5 | | 120 | 252.7 | 253.9 | 255.1 | 256.4 | 257.6 | 258.8 | 260.0 | 261.2 | 262.5 | 263.7 | | 130 | 264.9 | 266.1 | 267.3 | 268.5 | 269.8 | 271.0 | 272.2 | 273.4 | 274.6 | 275.8 | | 140 | 277.0 | 278.3 | 279.5 | 280.7 | 281.9 | 283.1 | 284.3 | 285.5 | 286.7 | 287.9 | | 150 | 289.2 | 290.3 | 291.5 | 292.8 | 294.0 | 295.2 | 296.4 | 297.6 | 298.8 | 300.0 | | 160 | 301.2 | 302.4 | 303.6 | 304.8 | 306.0 | 307.2 | 308.4 | 309.6 | 310.8 | 312.0 | | 170 | 313.2 | 314.4 | 315.6 | 316.8 | 317.9 | 319.1 | 320.3 | 321.5 | 322.7 | 323.9 | | 180 | 325.1 | 326.3 | 327.5 | 328.7 | 329.9 | 331.1 | 332.2 | 333.4 | 334.6 | 335.8 | | 190 | 337.0 | 338.2 | 339.4 | 340.5 | 341.7 | 342.9 | 344.1 | 345.3 | 346.5 | 347.6 | | 200 | 348.8 | 350.0 | 351.2 | 352.4 | 353.5 | 354.7 | 355.9 | 357.1 | 358.3 | 359.4 | | 210 | 360.6 | 361.8 | 363.0 | 364.1 | 365.3 | 366.5 | 367.7 | 368.8 | 370.0 | 371.2 | | 220 | 372.3 | 373.5 | 374.7 | 375.9 | 377.0 | 378.2 | 379.4 | 380.5 | 381.7 | 382.9 | | 230 | 384.0 | 385.2 | 386.4 | 387.5 | 388.7 | 389.8 | 391.0 | 392.2 | 393.3 | 394.5 | | 240 | 395.7 | 396.8 | 398.0 | 399.1 | 400.3 | 401.5 | 402.6 | 403.8 | 404.9 | 406.1 | | 250 | 407.2 | 408.4 | 409.6 | 410.7 | 411.9 | 413.0 | 414.2 | 415.3 | 416.5 | 417.6 |

10. Balance and reporting of results: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. Original equation 1, mass yield W = (m/M) × 100; equation 2, loss L = 100 − Σ(100m/M). The distillation result is invalid when the mass loss is 0.4% or more; the attribution of smaller losses follows the first-fraction/cold-trap conditions of this edition and is not hidden by a blanket normalization. Equation 3, initial volume V0 = M/ρ0; equation 4, fraction volume V = m/ρ; equation 5, volume yield V1 = (V/V0) × 100; equation 6, volume loss L1 = 100 − Σ(100V/V0). All densities are at the same 20 °C or 15 °C, and m includes the loss allocation specified in this edition. The volume loss may be negative and must not be set to zero by default. Report mass in g, density in g/cm³, volume in cm³, water mass in g, and mass/volume yields and losses to 0.1%; attach the records of distillation pressure, reflux, cut points, vapour and liquid temperatures, and time.

11. Precision and quality control: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. In the original scan, the repeatability table (12.2) and the reproducibility table (12.3) carry identical figures: 1.2/1.2 for mass/volume at atmospheric pressure and 1.4/1.5 for mass/volume under vacuum. The original page gives an explanation that in 20 tests at most one may exceed the limit, but the identity of the two tables remains a technical doubt [to be verified]; no other edition is used to fill in a difference. Table K1 of Annex K gives column-efficiency acceptance limits for a specific crude oil of 25 to 40 API, 15 theoretical plates and 5:1 reflux; it is not the repeatability or reproducibility of the whole method.

12. Verification relationships of Annexes A to E: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. A. Column efficiency is determined at atmospheric pressure under total reflux with a 50:50 mixture of n-heptane and methylcyclohexane and cannot be used to verify column efficiency under vacuum. Equation A1: N = [log(XD/(1−XD)) − log(X0/(1−X0))]/logα − 1; the −1 comes after the whole quotient, α is recommended as 1.075, XD is the mole fraction of n-heptane in the reflux liquid at the column head and X0 is the mole fraction of n-heptane in the distillation flask liquid; percentages must not be substituted directly. The curve method and the refractive index data still require confirmation against the controlled original. B. The dynamic holdup text reads stearic acid 20% (m/m), and the refractive index of n-heptane at 20 °C is 1.3878 ± 0.0002; 0.2% is not substituted on the card's own initiative. Equation B1: H = ((P − P0)/P)·M/ρ; B2: h = H/N. Here P is the quantity obtained by titration and must not be confused with the pressure P in J. C. Heat loss Q = ((B − A)/(C − A)) × 100, where A is the ambient temperature, B the temperature inside the column and C the temperature outside the column; it is required to be less than 30%, and new glass vacuum jackets are checked before use and annually. D. The sensor position check is qualitative; the wording of D4.2.4 gives the pressure reading accuracy as 0.05 Pa, which carries a unit doubt and remains [to be verified]. E. The response test spans pages 25 to 26: water at 90 ± 5 °C, recording to 0.1 °C with a chart speed of at least 30 cm/h, cooling after 80 °C; the sensor must not be used if it exceeds 175 s. Sentences spanning the page break must not be cut short at the page break.

13. Annexes F to K and notes on missing material: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. F. The calibration runs through the temperature and vacuum measurement chain, with a McLeod gauge as the primary standard below 13.3 kPa. G. Checks the splitting at a given reflux ratio. H. Dehydration for water above 0.1%. These annexes cannot be omitted just because the main procedure is available. K. Equation K1: n = (T+273)/(48S), where S uses the numerical value of the mass percentage as defined in the original and must not be silently changed to a 0 to 1 fraction. Table K1 has seven rows: 50 °C 5.4 (+1.0/−0.6), 100 °C 5.5 (+0.9/−0.8), 150 °C 5.6 (+0.8/−0.7), 200 °C 6.2 (+0.9/−0.8), 250 °C 6.8 (+0.9/−0.6), 300 °C 7.7 (+1.1/−0.9), 350 °C 9.0 (+1.5/−1.2). This only restates the original table; no laboratory column-efficiency applicability has been established. The apparatus dimension drawings, the pressure/distillation-rate curves, the column-efficiency/refractive-index diagrams and the nomographs are not fully digitized, and points omitted from the example chromatogram are not fabricated. The drawings, calibration records and technical doubts of the original cannot be replaced by this card. Table 4: 0.266 kPa; the measured temperature is formed from the row base plus the units column, and the cell value is the atmospheric-equivalent temperature in °C. Values with an anomalous source number are listed separately [to be verified] and the table is not an automatic calculation sheet. | Measured temperature, base °C | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | | 50 | 201.1 | 202.4 | 203.8 | 205.1 | 206.4 | 207.7 | 209.1 | 210.4 | 211.7 | 218.0 | | 60 | 214.4 | 215.7 | 217.0 | 218.3 | 219.6 | 221.0 | 222.3 | 223.6 | 224.9 | 226.2 | | 70 | 227.6 | 228.9 | 230.2 | 231.5 | 232.8 | 234.1 | 235.4 | 236.7 | 238.0 | 239.4 | | 80 | 240.7 | 242.0 | 243.3 | 244.6 | 245.9 | 247.2 | 248.5 | 249.8 | 251.1 | 252.4 | | 90 | 253.7 | 255.0 | 256.3 | 257.6 | 258.9 | 260.2 | 261.5 | 262.8 | 264.1 | 265.4 | | 100 | 266.7 | 268.0 | 269.2 | 270.5 | 271.8 | 273.1 | 274.4 | 275.7 | 277.0 | 278.3 | | 110 | 279.5 | 280.8 | 282.1 | 283.4 | 284.7 | 286.0 | 287.2 | 288.5 | 289.8 | 291.1 | | 120 | 292.4 | 293.6 | 294.9 | 296.2 | 297.5 | 298.7 | 300.0 | 301.3 | 302.6 | 303.8 | | 130 | 305.1 | 306.4 | 307.6 | 308.9 | 310.2 | 311.5 | 312.7 | 314.0 | 315.2 | 316.5 | | 140 | 317.8 | 319.0 | 320.3 | 321.6 | 322.8 | 324.1 | 325.3 | 326.6 | 327.9 | 329.1 | | 150 | 330.4 | 331.6 | 332.9 | 334.1 | 335.4 | 336.6 | 337.9 | 339.2 | 340.4 | 341.7 | | 160 | 342.9 | 344.2 | 345.4 | 346.6 | 347.9 | 349.1 | 350.4 | 351.6 | 352.9 | 354.1 | | 170 | 355.4 | 356.6 | 357.8 | 359.1 | 360.3 | 361.6 | 362.8 | 364.0 | 365.3 | 366.5 | | 180 | 367.8 | 369.0 | 370.2 | 371.5 | 372.7 | 373.9 | 375.2 | 376.4 | 377.6 | 378.8 | | 190 | 380.1 | 381.3 | 382.5 | 383.8 | 385.0 | 386.2 | 387.4 | 388.7 | 389.9 | 391.1 | | 200 | 392.3 | 393.5 | 394.8 | 396.0 | 397.2 | 398.4 | 399.6 | 400.9 | 402.1 | 403.3 | | 210 | 404.5 | 405.7 | 406.9 | 408.1 | 409.4 | 410.6 | 411.8 | 413.0 | 414.2 | 415.4 | | 220 | 416.6 | 417.8 | 419.0 | 420.2 | 421.4 | 422.7 | 423.9 | 425.1 | 426.3 | 427.5 | | 230 | 428.7 | 429.9 | 431.1 | 432.3 | 433.5 | 434.7 | 435.9 | 437.1 | 438.3 | 439.5 | | 240 | 440.7 | 441.8 | 443.0 | 444.2 | 445.4 | 446.6 | 447.8 | 449.0 | 450.2 | 451.4 | | 250 | 452.6 | 453.8 | 454.9 | 456.1 | 457.3 | 458.5 | 459.7 | 460.9 | 462.1 | 463.2 |

14. Questions and answers for use: 38-page original of the 1998 edition; segmented source images and transcription evidence are given in this verification record. What does it measure? The fractions and yields of true-boiling-point distillation of crude oil under this edition, not simple distillation and not a performance guarantee for any product. Can the old edition be used as a current standard? Not on the strength of this study card; the current contract, the controlled standard and the specific technical requirements must be checked separately. Can the 420 verified cells be used for direct calculation? No. The series doubts in the original scan, the applicability boundaries for pressure and characterisation factor, and the anomalous source values in Table 2 still await technical verification, and no calculation tool has been delivered. Can product applicability be confirmed from this method page? No. This item adds no product relationships, certificate claims or master data.

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