GB/T 3146.1-2010 Aromatic hydrocarbons for industrial use and related materials — Determination of distillation range — Part 1: Distillation method

Summary page. This page is a compiled excerpt/summary of the standard — it is not the full standard text and does not replace it. Verify every value against the official standard and the product certificate before use.

GB/T 3146.1-2010 specifies the distillation method for determining the distillation range of aromatic hydrocarbons for industrial use and related materials; this page covers the scope, principle, apparatus, the distillation steps, temperature and pressure calibration, reporting and precision.

Evidence note: original study positioning compiled from the original of the same 2010 edition; it is not the full text of the standard, a manufacturing description or a controlled operating procedure, and technical review is pending. Method precision is not the uncertainty of a product batch, and method conditions are not product storage requirements.

Standard identity and version: Original PDF 1–3; two official version records. 15 physical pages of the original; the cover number carries the year 2010, issued 2011-01-10 and implemented 2011-05-01, and the number must not be changed to the year of issue. Two official services show it as current, the review of 2025-05-30 confirming continued validity; metadata from the same institution is not independent technical acceptance. The foreword records adoption with modification of ASTM D850-03(2008), which does not imply equivalence. The standard replaces the distillation part of the 1982 edition; the official replacement relationship and the foreword are listed separately.

Measurement object and applicability limits: Original PDF 5, clause 1. Aromatic hydrocarbons for industrial use and related materials with a narrow distillation range within 30–250 °C. It can be used for specification and quality-control study but cannot distinguish products whose distillation ranges are similar. The name of the method is no promise of applicability, stock, certificate or value for a particular product.

Principle and the result quantities: Original PDF 5, clauses 3–4 and PDF 9, clause 9. A 100 mL test portion is distilled at the specified rate, and the initial boiling point, 5 %, each 10 % increment from 10 % to 90 %, 95 %, and the dry point, decomposition point or final boiling point are recorded. The corrected temperatures are reported. The initial boiling point is the reading when the first drop of condensate appears; the dry point is the reading when the last drop of liquid at the bottom of the flask vaporises, the film on the wall not being counted; the final boiling point is the highest temperature of the whole run. The three must not be confused.

Normative references and evidence level: Original PDF 5, clause 2. Original clause 2 lists GB/T 4756, GB/T 6536-1997, GB/T 8170, GB/T 16483, ASTM D1078, ASTM E1 and ASTM E220. Only the reference position of this edition is retained; the referenced editions are not automatically taken as current purchasing or operating requirements. OCR was used for locating text and the figures were checked against the original images; this card does not reproduce the full text of the referenced standards.

Apparatus and temperature measurement: Original PDF 6–8, clause 5. Manual and automatic apparatus are listed separately, and temperature measurement must meet the corresponding response requirements. The precision data for the automatic method are based on automatic distillation apparatus with a dry-point sensor and cannot be extrapolated to all automatic equipment. The complete dimension drawings and installation of the thermometer, flask, condenser tube and centring device still await technical review, and the study card is not a manufacturing or calibration working document.

Sampling and sample preparation: Original PDF 8, clause 7. The sample should be clear, transparent and free of visible water. Where visible water or turbidity is present, original 7.2 allows rapid filtration of at least 200 mL to remove visible water; dissolved water must generally not be removed, and where dissolved water causes the test to fail an agreed dehydration method may be used. That exception must be recorded, and no desiccant or treatment temperature is specified here.

Distillation steps: time and volume: Original PDF 9, clauses 8–9. 100 mL is measured at room temperature, the cylinder being held over the flask for not less than 15 s. Original 9.1.2 requires 5–10 min from the start of heating to the first drop, not less than 90 s and preferably close to 120 s from the vapour ring to the lower end of the side arm, and 5–7 mL/min after the first drop. The total distilled volume is not less than 97 % for the narrow-range benzene, toluene and xylene, and not less than 95 % for wider-range petroleum products and light oils; otherwise the test is repeated as in the original. The time conditions of the different actions are not interchangeable.

Observation of end points and anomalies: Original PDF 9, clause 9; definitions and reporting. Smoke and a fall in temperature may occur on decomposition, and the decomposition point and the dry point are observed and reported separately. Volume fractions are read to 1 %. Automatic installation and operation depend on the controlled instructions of the actual equipment, and this card adds no general automatic settings or safety algorithms.

Temperature and barometric calibration: Original PDF 10, clause 10 and Table 2. Original 10.1 first adds the thermometer's own correction, then 10.2 adds the barometric correction. Original equation 1 on PDF 10: C = [A + B×(760 − p)]×(760 − p), where p is the barometric pressure corrected to 0 °C in mmHg and C is in °C; kPa values must not be substituted directly. Table 2 gives constants for the range 600–800 mmHg; for m-xylene the original figure gives A = 0.0490, which OCR misread as 0.0480, and the value is recorded from the original image. When the whole distillation range does not exceed 2 °C, 10.3 offers a combined calibration option using the temperature at 50 % distilled volume and the reference boiling point at 760 mmHg. The text of 10.2 refers to Annex A, whereas the calibration value table is actually in informative Annex B; the reference conflict is retained and the standard is not silently changed. The dense Table B.1 has not been rebuilt cell by cell, and no table look-up calculator is put online. Material | A | B Benzene | 0.0427 | 0.000025 Toluene | 0.0463 | 0.000027 Ethylbenzene | 0.0490 | 0.000028 o-Xylene | 0.0497 | 0.000029 m-Xylene | 0.0490 | 0.000029 p-Xylene | 0.0492 | 0.000029 Mixed xylene | 0.0493 | 0.000029 Solvent naphtha | 0.0493 | 0.000029 High-flash solvent | 0.0530 | 0.000032

Reporting and rounding: Original PDF 10–11, clause 11. Report temperatures to 0.1 °C and volume fractions to 1 % according to the product specification; where no method is specified, report the corrected temperature for each observed volume together with the volume fractions of residue, recovery and distillation loss. Remarks must state the type of temperature calibration. Round according to the original references and do not invent conformity limits.

Precision of the manual method: Original PDF 11, clause 12.1 and Table 3. Original 12.1 is at the 95 % confidence level; its name is intermediate precision and it must not be renamed strict repeatability. The original figure on PDF 11 was checked item by item. Material | Intermediate precision /°C | Reproducibility /°C Cyclohexane | 0.17 | insufficient data Benzene | 0.16 | 0.42 Toluene | 0.23 | 0.47 Xylene | 0.26 | 0.42

Precision and bias of the automatic method: Original PDF 11–12, clauses 12.2–12.3 and Table 4. Original 12.2 is at the 95 % confidence level, by material and end point, checked against original PDF 11–12; items not listed in the original are not filled with zero or guessed values. No precision is given for benzene by the automatic method. The statements in 12.3 that manual and automatic results do not differ significantly and the 95 % T values for toluene/xylene cannot be extended to any material or equipment or taken to guarantee freedom from measurement bias. Method precision is not the certificate uncertainty of a product batch. Material | End point | Intermediate precision /°C | Reproducibility /°C Toluene | initial boiling point | 0.238 | 0.581 Toluene | 50 % | not listed | 0.156 Toluene | dry point | 0.230 | 0.456 Xylene | initial boiling point | 0.409 | 0.964 Xylene | 50 % | 0.239 | 0.439 Xylene | dry point and final boiling point | 0.264 | 0.390 Cresol | initial boiling point | 0.681 | insufficient data Cresol | 50 % | 0.423 | insufficient data Cresol | dry point | 0.675 | insufficient data

Quality control and safety boundaries: Original PDF 12, clause 13. When the temperature-measuring equipment is changed, original clause 13 recommends calibration/QC with a reference material of known distillation range of about 1 °C, or with a material of known dry point and distillation range; existing QC/QA programmes and established materials may be used. The recommendation does not prove that a particular product is on sale or suitable. This card does not replace the actual SDS, the risk control for hot flammable equipment, controlled instrument calibration or personnel training, nor does it make cooling temperatures into product storage conditions.

Sources and unverified items: Original PDF 1–15; evidence and unverified items of this round. Compiled from the 15 physical pages of the 2010 original; the sampling, distillation time and volume, barometric calibration constants and precision data listed on this page were checked against the original images. This page is original study material, does not publish the scanned original, and does not replace the full text of the standard or a controlled operating procedure. The full-scale figures, the complete thermometer parameters of Table 1, the cell-by-cell reference boiling points of Table 3, the structural correspondence of Annex A, the dense calibration values of Annex B and the complete safety procedures have not been fully technically reviewed. Original 8.1.2 gives a side arm of about 50 mm while 8.4 describes 25–50 mm at a different assembly position; the two are not merged into one dimension. Original 10.2 points to Annex A while the barometric calibration table is actually in Annex B; the reference discrepancy in the original is retained and the standard is not rewritten. Verification of the original figures and independent technical acceptance are listed separately, and technical review is pending; method precision is not the batch uncertainty of a specific product, and method conditions are not a basis for product storage.

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