GB/T 37222-2018 Determination of spray combustion persistence of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids — Open-cone jet nozzle test method

AI-translated method card — human verification pending. This is not an official translation of the standard. Unclear source values remain unverified; check the original standard and product certificate before use.

Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full name / English name / replacement relationship

• Standard number: GB/T 37222—2018
• Chinese full name: Determination of spray combustion persistence of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids — Open-cone jet nozzle test method
• English name: Determination of spray flame persistence of fire-resistant fluids — Hollow-cone nozzle method
• Replacement relationship: not provided in the available source (no replacement of any standard is mentioned)
• Adoption relationship: prepared by the redrafting method with reference to ISO 15029-1:1999 "Petroleum and related products — Determination of spray combustion performance of fire-resistant liquids — Part 1: Spray combustion persistence — Open-cone jet nozzle test method", and the degree of consistency with ISO 15029-1:1999 is non-equivalent (NEQ)
• Publication / implementation: published on 2018-12-28, implemented on 2019-07-01
• Custodianship: National Technical Committee for Standardization of Petroleum Products and Lubricants (SAC/TC 280)
• Drafting units: Coal Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.; Synthetic Grease Branch of Sinopec Lubricant Co., Ltd. (in the drafting unit name, there is suspected missing text after "Coal"; requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
• Main drafters: Wang Jiyong, Wang Ping, Luo Yulan, Yu Weiyu, Wang Qiumin, Liu Shanshan, Wang Yuchao, Guo Jianming

2. Scope of application and non-applicability

• This standard specifies a method for determining the spray combustion persistence of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids using an open-cone jet nozzle test.
• A fire source is applied to a pressurized liquid jet at different positions along the jet to ignite it, and the flame combustion persistence is used to evaluate the spray combustion characteristics of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids.
• This standard applies to fire-resistant hydraulic fluids.
• Non-applicable scope: not provided in the available source.

3. Method principle

A liquid sample is pressurized and heated to the specified pressure and temperature, and is formed into a jet through a specific nozzle. At different positions along the length of the jet, a propane flame is used to ignite the liquid jet. After the jet burns, the ignition source is removed and a timer is started simultaneously to measure the duration for which the jet continues to burn. The measurement result at each position is the longest time the jet continues to burn after removal of the ignition source (s).

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• 5.1 Industrial alcohol: meets the requirements for grade GB/T 394.1—2008.
• 5.2 Solvent naphtha: meets the requirements for solvent naphtha No. 2 in GB 1922—2006.
• 5.3 Propane: meets the requirements for industrial propane No. 95 in SH/T 0553—1993.
• Preparation method: not provided in the available source.

5. Apparatus and equipment

• 6.1 Overview: The spray combustion test equipment consists of a hydraulic pump, motor, relief valve, directional valve, liquid tank, electric heater, temperature controller, nozzle assembly, ignition device, spray combustion chamber, high-pressure hose, etc., as shown in Figure 1. Operating procedure: under the action of the electric heater and temperature controller, when the test temperature meets the test requirements, adjust the relief valve pressure so that the spray pressure of the fire-resistant hydraulic fluid meets the test requirements, adjust the ignition device, and open the directional valve to carry out the spray test.
• 6.2 Liquid tank: volume 13 L, carbon steel material. A heater is installed in the liquid tank; the test temperature is set and controlled by a temperature controller so that the temperature in the liquid tank is constant at the temperature required by the standard.
• 6.3 Hydraulic pump and motor: the hydraulic pump is an axial piston pump with a nominal displacement of 2.5 mL/r; the motor is a three-phase asynchronous motor with a speed of 910 r/min and a power of 0.75 kW.
• 6.4 Relief valve and directional valve: the relief valve controls the test pressure so that the spray test pressure of the fire-resistant hydraulic fluid is (7±0.3)MPa; the directional valve realizes the spray switching of the fire-resistant hydraulic fluid.
• 6.5 Electric heater: uses a straight rod tubular heater or other type of electric heater, with a power of 1 kW.
• 6.6 Temperature controller: used to control the test temperature of the fire-resistant hydraulic fluid; a contact thermometer with an accuracy of grade 1.5 or other types of temperature controllers may be used.
• 6.7 Nozzle assembly: 80° hollow cone type, rated orifice diameter 0.51 mm, 304 stainless steel material. Using a water-glycol fire-resistant hydraulic fluid with a viscosity grade of 46 in GB/T 21449—2008 as the test liquid, the flow rate at (65±5)℃ and (7±0.3)MPa shall be (27.4±0.8)L/h. Note: A nozzle assembly of model AAZ 1/4-LNN-SS-1.5 meets the test requirements of this standard; other nozzle assemblies that meet the requirements of this standard may also be used.
• 6.8 Ignition device: a propane blowtorch is used as the ignition device for the test. When the air holes of the propane blowtorch are fully open, it produces a blue flame about 130 mm high, of which the inner pale blue flame is about 25 mm. The ignition device is installed in the spray combustion chamber at positions along the jet direction at distances from the nozzle of 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m, and 1.0 m, respectively.
• 6.9 Spray combustion chamber: the entire test process is carried out in a metal-structured spray combustion chamber. The chamber cabinet is 1 660 mm long, 1 080 mm wide, and 950 mm high. During the entire test process, the ambient temperature in the spray combustion chamber shall be controlled at 5 ℃~30 ℃, and the air flow rate shall not exceed 0.3 m/s.
• 6.10 High-pressure hose: hose for conveying fire-resistant fluid, nitrile rubber material.
• 6.11 Timer: stopwatch, electronic or mechanical type, accurate to 0.1 s.

6. Recommended operating conditions

• Spray test pressure: (7±0.3)MPa (see 6.4, 8.3)
• Test temperature: for water-based hydraulic fluids or water-containing emulsions, (65±5)℃; for other hydraulic fluids, (85±5)℃ (see 8.2)
• Ignition positions: along the jet direction at distances from the nozzle of 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m, 1.0 m (see 6.8, 8.3, 8.5)
• Ignition flame: propane blowtorch with air holes fully open, blue flame about 130 mm high, inner pale blue flame about 25 mm (see 6.8, 8.3)
• Spray combustion chamber environment: temperature 5 ℃~30 ℃, air flow rate not greater than 0.3 m/s (see 6.9)
• Nozzle flow conditions: using a water-glycol fire-resistant hydraulic fluid of viscosity grade 46 as the test liquid, the flow rate at (65±5)℃ and (7±0.3)MPa shall be (27.4±0.8)L/h (see 6.7)

7. Sampling and sample preparation

• Unless otherwise specified, sampling of samples shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 4756, and the sampling quantity shall be 30 L.
• The test sample shall be uniform and transparent. If the sample contains sediment or free water, it shall be removed by filtration or decantation and recorded.
• Before testing, the sample shall be stored indoors in a cool, dry place, with an ambient temperature in the range of 0 ℃~30 ℃.

8. Analytical procedure

Warning: Because the determination of spray combustion persistence of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids using this test equipment involves hazardous operations such as ignition, jet combustion, and possible contact with hazardous combustion products, personal protection shall be taken during the test, including wearing protective clothing, protective masks, gloves, etc., and sufficient dedicated fire-extinguishing equipment such as fire extinguishers and fire-extinguishing sandboxes shall be provided ("page fire sandbox" is suspected to be "fire-extinguishing sandbox"; requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).

• 8.1 Inject 5 L of the fire-resistant hydraulic fluid to be tested into the liquid tank, start the hydraulic pump, and run for 10 min to eliminate the influence of other impurities in the liquid tank on the test results. Adjust the spray test pressure to 7 MPa, open the directional valve to spray the fire-resistant hydraulic fluid to be tested for 3 min~5 min to eliminate the influence of impurities in the pipeline on the test results.
• 8.2 Drain the above fire-resistant hydraulic fluid to be tested so as to minimize the influence of external impurities on the test results of the fire-resistant hydraulic fluid to be tested. Inject 10 L of a new fire-resistant hydraulic fluid sample to be tested into the liquid tank, start the hydraulic pump, and turn on the heater and temperature controller until the test temperature is reached (for water-based hydraulic fluids or water-containing emulsions, the test temperature is (65±5)℃; for other hydraulic fluids, the test temperature is (85±5)℃).
• 8.3 When the sample temperature reaches the required temperature and the test spray pressure reaches (7±0.3)MPa, place the ignition device at a distance of 0.2 m from the nozzle along the jet direction. Ignite the ignition device and make it produce a blue flame about 130 mm high, of which the inner pale blue flame is about 25 mm. The test is carried out in the laboratory combustion box. When the test temperature and pressure conditions are stable and the test flame meets the requirements, open the directional valve to start spraying.
• 8.4 After the jet is ignited, remove the ignition device and simultaneously start the timer, recording the time from removal of the ignition device to extinguishing of the jet flame, accurate to 0.1 s. If the jet cannot be ignited, stop spraying after spraying for 60 s. If the jet is ignited and, after removal of the ignition device, the jet continues to burn for 30 s, spraying may be stopped.
• 8.5 Place the ignition device respectively along the jet direction at distances from the nozzle of 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m, and 1.0 m, repeat step 8.4, and record the time from removal of the ignition device to extinguishing of the jet flame.
• 8.6 After the test is completed, drain the liquid in the liquid tank and pipeline completely. If testing HFA, HFC types of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, use industrial alcohol to clean components such as the liquid tank, pipeline, and nozzle; for other types of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, use solvent naphtha for cleaning.
• 8.7 In order to clean the liquid tank, pipeline, nozzle, and other parts thoroughly, it is recommended to clean 2 times~3 times, so as to reduce the influence of the tested fire-resistant hydraulic fluid on the test results of the next fire-resistant hydraulic fluid.

9. Qualitative and quantitative determination and calculation formulas

• 9.1 Record separately the sustained burning time of the jet flame at five different positions (0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m, 1.0 m), accurate to 0.1 s. For example: X/Y/Z/P/Q, where X, Y, Z, P, Q respectively represent the sustained burning times measured at positions 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m, 1.0 m.
• 9.2 Report the maximum value among the sustained burning times recorded at five different positions, accurate to 0.1 s (the original text reads "accurate to 0.13", suspected to be an error for "0.1 s", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 9.3 If the jet flame burning time reaches 30 s or more, report as "fail".
• 9.4 If the test sample contains sediment or free water, it shall be recorded.
• 9.5 Record any changes occurring during the heating of the fire-resistant hydraulic fluid.
• Calculation formula: not provided in the available source (expressed as the maximum recorded time, no calculation formula).

10. Precision

This standard has not yet established precision. This standard is used to test whether fire-resistant hydraulic fluids possess fire-resistant performance; the longest sustained burning time of 30 s is determined as the critical value for judging the jet burning persistence of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids.

11. Report

• Report the maximum value among the sustained burning times recorded at five different positions, accurate to 0.1 s (see 9.2, the original text "0.13" requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• If the jet flame burning time reaches 30 s or more, report as "fail" (see 9.3).
• If the test sample contains sediment or free water, it shall be recorded (see 9.4).
• Record any changes occurring during the heating of the fire-resistant hydraulic fluid (see 9.5).
• Other report format requirements: not provided in the available source.

12. Normative References

• GB/T 394.1—2008 Industrial alcohol
• GB 1922—2006 Solvent naphtha for paints and cleaning
• GB/T 4756 Petroleum liquids—Manual sampling (GB/T 4756—2015, ISO 3170:2004, MOD)
• GB/T 21449—2008 Water-glycol fire-resistant hydraulic fluid
• SH/T 0553—1993 Industrial propane and butane (ISO 9162:1989, REF)
• GB/T 1.1—2009 (mentioned in the foreword, as the basis for drafting rules)

13. Source and verification

This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.

14. Quick Reference Q&A