NB/SH/T 0839-2010 Test method for low-temperature torque of automotive wheel bearing greases

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Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full name / English name / replacement relationship

• Standard number: NB/SH/T 0839—2010
• Chinese name: Test method for low-temperature torque of automotive wheel bearing greases
• English name: Standard test method for low-temperature torque of grease-lubricated wheel bearings
• Replacement relationship: not provided in the available source (the foreword does not list the old standard number replaced)
• Adoption relationship: modified adoption of ASTM D4693-07 "Test method for low-temperature torque of automotive wheel bearing greases", redrafted according to ASTM D4693-07
• Main differences from ASTM D4693-07 (foreword):
  • Some referenced standards in ASTM D4693-07 were changed to adopt the corresponding national standards and industry standards of our country;
  • For the thermometer used to calibrate the thermocouple, a thermometer meeting the requirements of Appendix A may be used, calibrated according to the requirements of the national verification regulation JJG 50 and using a constant-temperature bath meeting the requirements of our country's verification regulation JJF 1030;
  • Deleted formula (2) for calculating torque in clause 11.1 of ASTM D4693-07;
  • The wording of repeatability and reproducibility was modified according to our country's conventions;
  • This standard adds Appendix A "Thermometer specifications".
• Appendix A is an informative appendix.
• Proposing organization: China Petrochemical Corporation; secretariat: National Technical Committee for Standardization of Petroleum Products and Lubricants, Subcommittee on Petroleum Fuels and Lubricants (SAC/TC 280/SC1)
• Drafting organization: Lubricant Chongqing Branch of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation; main drafters: Tian Zhongli, Luo Yulan, Yan Zili
• Publication/implementation: published on 2011-01-09, implemented on 2011-05-01; issued by the National Energy Administration

2. Scope of application and non-applicability

• 1.1 This standard specifies a method for determining the running performance under low-temperature conditions of greases in specially manufactured, spring-loaded automotive wheel bearing assemblies. The torque value calculated from the measured resistance serves as an indicator of the viscosity resistance of the grease.
• Applicable objects: applicable to determining greases with a torque value less than 35 N·m at -40 ℃.
• 1.2 This standard uses the International System of Units [SI] units.
• 1.3 This standard involves certain hazardous materials, operations and equipment, but does not purport to address all safety problems associated with them. Therefore, users should establish appropriate safety and protective measures before using this standard and determine the applicability of relevant regulatory limitations.
• Non-applicable scope: not explicitly listed in the available source.

3. Method principle

• Chapter 4 Method summary: A grease sample that is freshly stirred and (the source here has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) is loaded into a specially designed automotive wheel bearing assembly. The assembly is first heated and then cooled at -40 ℃. In addition, other test temperatures may be set according to grease specification requirements. The spindle is run at a speed of 1 r/min, and the torque value preventing hub rotation is measured when running to 60 s, in units of N·m.
• Chapter 5 (the extracted section title is garbled, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)): the content concerns the ability to clearly distinguish the low-temperature characteristics of different greases, this standard also being applicable to the purpose of setting specifications, and determining the correlation of test method results for predicting the low-temperature service performance of wheel bearing greases (the source here has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); users should determine the correlation between a certain (the source has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) result and other types of use.

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• 7.1 Purity of reagents: the reagents used in the test shall be analytical grade.
• 7.2 Ethylene glycol. Warning: if inhaled, swallowed, or through the skin (the source is truncated here, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) moderately safe (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), contact irritates eyes and mucous membranes.
• 7.3 n-Heptane. Warning: harmful to the body.
  • 7.3.1 n-Heptane is recommended as a cleaning agent for test bearings to replace the previously used more toxic reagents (chloroform and 1,1,1- trichloroethane). However, the precision of tests using n-heptane as the cleaning reagent has not yet been determined. In arbitration, both contracting parties shall explicitly agree to the use of n-heptane in the test.
• 7.4 Chloroform (trichloromethane). Warning: harmful to the body.
  • 7.4.1 This standard and the precision data were originally obtained using chloroform as the cleaning reagent for test bearings. However, for well-known safety reasons, chloroform is no longer permitted. If chloroform needs to be used in arbitration tests, ensuring appropriate precautions are taken is the responsibility of both contracting parties.
• 7.5 1,1,1- trichloroethane. Warning: harmful to the body.
  • 7.5.1 Although this standard recognizes 1,1,1- trichloroethane as a substitute for chloroform, because its use also causes harm to health and the environment, this standard no longer permits its use and recommends n-heptane as a replacement. If this solvent needs to be used during arbitration, ensuring appropriate precautions are taken is the responsibility of both contracting parties.
  • Note: The precision values of this standard were originally obtained using chloroform; because it is harmful to health, 1,1,1- trichloroethane was used as a substitute. In this standard, no other solvent (including n-heptane) has been cooperatively evaluated as a substitute for 1,1,1- trichloroethane.
  • Warning: if other equivalent solvents are flammable or harmful to health, appropriate precautions should be taken in advance.
• Preparation of other reagents: not provided in the available source.

5. Instruments and equipment

• 6.1 Low-temperature torque test machine, see Figure 1 (the source Figure 1 is "low-temperature torque test machine").
  • Note: Several apparatus structures (the source has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) suitable (the source has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) cooling systems. For example, with a large cooling bath, the entire apparatus (as shown in Figure 1) can be placed in this cooling bath; with a small cooling bath, the drive device can be installed outside the cooling bath, with only the test assembly placed in the low temperature.
  • This test apparatus (the source has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) consists of a 1/3 hp motor connected through a variable-speed belt and pulley set to a gear reducer, and this motor is used to drive the hub (the source has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)). A spindle bearing hub assembly equipped with a spring-loading mechanism. For an apparatus entirely placed in a cooling bath, when preparing to start the system it must (the source has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), replace the grease in the motor bearings with high-temperature grease (grease with a torque value of N·m at > (number source-text extraction unclear, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) ℃). For example, a grease meeting (the source has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) 430 specification or similar specification requirements, and at the same time a worm gear lubricant with equivalent low-temperature performance (pour point < -50 ℃) should be used to replace the lubricant in the gear reducer. In addition, if installation cannot be carried out as required above, then a large-diameter (152 mm), narrow-width (13 mm) variable-speed pulley and a suitable belt must be used.
• 6.2 Torque measurement system: consists of a strain gauge load cell with a matching bridge-balance assembly, a strip-chart recorder for recording the load cell output, and a set of weights suitable for load cell calibration (at least up to 20 kg).
  • Note: To facilitate calculating torque from the measured force, the load cell should be installed at a position 100 mm from the centerline of the test assembly. To do this, a convenient method is to drill a hole with a diameter of 1.78 mm (No.50 drill bit) in the torque arm at 100 mm from the spindle centerline (the source says "100mg", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), temporarily replace the load cell fitting with a second fitting having a pin with a diameter of 1.59 mm extending out about 5 mm (welded at the corresponding position) (the source is truncated here, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), place the load cell in a position where the protruding (the source has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) can be, tighten the screws to fix the load cell in the corresponding position, and before starting the test, use the original fitting (the source is truncated here, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 6.3 Temperature measurement system: a "J" type metal-sheathed grounded thermocouple with a diameter of 3.18 mm, whose specifications meet ASTM E585/E585M (the source source-text extraction is "ASTM E585/E585" "08/E608M", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), and which also meets the error limits defined in Table A.1 of the ASTM E230 specification; a potentiometer meeting the requirements of group B or group C in (the source has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); a ASTM 73C precision thermometer meeting the ASTM E1 specification, having a certificate or approval, and calibrated according to (the source has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), or a liquid-in-glass thermometer meeting the requirements of Appendix A and calibrated according to JJG 50; a suitable comparator as described in ASTM E77; an ice bath prepared according to ASTM E563, or a constant-temperature bath prepared according to the JJF 1030 specification.
  • Note: Other temperature measuring instruments, such as precision platinum resistance thermometers, may be used to replace thermocouples; the error limits of such substitute temperature measuring instruments should be within the range of the (ASTM) E230 specification.
• 6.4 Respectively use LM67010-LM67048 and LM11910-LM11949 (AFBMA standard 19) inner ring and outer (the source is truncated here, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) tapered (the source is truncated here, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 6.5 Test chamber: an electric fan is installed in the test chamber to keep the test temperature of the spindle within the range of -40 ℃±0.5 ℃, and (the source has source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) the cooling capacity cools the spindle, as shown in Figure 2 and the cooling rate curve shown in Figure 3.
• 6.6 Oven (box, original truncated, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)): capable of maintaining the temperature within 70 ℃±3 ℃ (the original source-text extraction is “70 3 [unreadable characters]”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 6.7 Grease packer: a device meeting the requirements of SH/T 0773 or equivalent.
• 6.8 Ultrasonic cleaner: volume approximately 5 L, input power 125 W～ (the original source-text extraction is “(50W”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), operating frequency 40 kHz/5 kHz (the original source-text extraction is “40%Hz/5KHz”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), or an equivalent ultrasonic cleaner.
• Figure 4 Test assembly components: 1— mandrel; 2— hub; 3— torque arm; 4—LM-67010 bearing; 5—LM-67048 bearing outer ring; 6—LM-11910 bearing; 7—LM-11949 bearing outer ring; 8—GM-13 spring; 9— outer pressure baffle; 10— pressure washer; 11— inner pressure baffle; 12— nut; 13— fastening screw; 14— mandrel key; 15— polytetrafluoroethylene fitting; 16—T type or J type grounded closed thermocouple.

6. Recommended operating conditions

• Test temperature: -40 ℃ (1.1, 4, 6.5, 10.11); other test temperatures may be set according to the grease specification requirements (Chapter 4).
• Temperature tolerance: -40 ℃±0.5 ℃ (6.5, 10.11).
• Spindle speed: 1 r/min (Chapter 4).
• Measurement time point: when running to 60 s (Chapter 4, 10.14).
• Immersion cooling time: 5 h±0.1 h (10.11, the original source-text extraction is “5h [unreadable sign]0.1”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• Preheating conditions: 70 ℃±3 ℃, constant temperature 60 min±5 min (10.9).
• Spring load: 400 N (8.3.2, 8.3.3, 10.7).
• Bearing grease fill amount: inner bearing 3.0 g, outer bearing 2.0 g, tolerance ±0.1 g (10.5).
• Cooling rate curve: see Figure 2, Figure 3 (the original Figure 2 is “upper and lower limits of cooling rate and test temperature”, Figure 3 is “detailed cooling rate curve of key parts (continuous)”, the coordinate axis values source-text extraction are unclear, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).

7. Sampling and specimen preparation

• 10.2 Stir the test grease with a scraper, place the stirred specimen into a grease worker at a ratio of 1/2, and perform 60 working strokes as described in GB/T 269.
• 9.1 New bearings must be treated before first use. Fill a new bearing with an automotive wheel bearing grease, and run at room temperature, 110 N axial load and 1000 r/min rotational speed for 48 h. The apparatus used in SH/T 0773 is suitable for treating these bearings. Alternatively, other methods such as a drill press may be used if they can provide suitable speed, load and cycles.
• 9.2 Wipe off excess grease from the bearing, place it in a beaker, and immerse it with n-heptane. Place the beaker containing the bearing and solvent into an ultrasonic cleaner containing about 60 mL of distilled water. After cleaning for 5 min～10 min, transfer the bearing to another beaker containing solvent and repeat the cleaning operation. It is necessary to repeat several times (usually 3 times) until the bearing is clean, then rinse continuously with a small amount of solvent, drain the solvent, and blow the bearing dry with air.
• 10.1 Before installing the hub, clean the bearing cup race, check for defects or rust spots. If the bearing cup is damaged, it needs to be replaced, then apply a layer of test grease on the race.
• 10.3 Use the bearing grease packer of SH/T 0773 to pack the (worked) test grease into the bearing. The grease packer must be clean and dry before use. It is not allowed (the original source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) to use grease to displace old grease.
• 10.4 Remove (the bearing) from the grease packer, remove excess grease that has been forced out from the bearing holes and both ends of the bearing cone, wipe off (excess grease) with a clean soft cloth or paper, and remove grease from the outside of the rollers and cage. When performing this step, care must be taken to prevent (the) parts from producing forward relative rotation from this point.
• 10.5 By adding grease, keep the grease amounts of the inner bearing and outer bearing within the ranges of 3.0 g and 2.0 g±0.1 g respectively.
• 10.6 Install the inner bearing onto the spindle without rotating the rollers, and align the bearing notch with the key or pin on the spindle. Then install the hub, install the outer bearing onto the mandrel without rotating the rollers, and align the bearing keyway with the key on the mandrel.
  • Note: The bearing has a keyway or pin, and the mandrel is equipped with a corresponding key or pin to prevent the inner ring of the bearing from rotating during the test. For ease of assembly, the mandrel may also be (temporarily) fastened in a (vise) (Warning: Do not fasten the (vise) too (tightly), otherwise the mandrel hole will become (deformed), thereby (affecting) assembly onto the drive shaft.)
• 10.7 Complete the assembly of the entire test assembly in (sequence): install the inner pressure baffle (part 11 in Figure 4), spring (part 8 in Figure 4), (outer pressure baffle) plate (part 9 in Figure 4), pressure washer (ring) (part 10 in Figure 4) and pressure nut (part 12 in Figure 4). Insert the spring gauge as described in 8.3 between the two pressure baffles, and tighten the nut until the required load of 400 N is applied. (Loosen) the nut just enough to (remove) the (spring gauge) from between the two pressure baffles.
• 10.8 Install the thermocouple (part 16 in Figure 4) into the mandrel (part 1 in Figure 4), inserting the thermocouple all the way to the bottom of the hole. Drill a hole in the (mandrel) shaft to just place the thermocouple between the two bearings. Then drill and tap the tail of the mandrel (1/8 inch thread) to facilitate installation of a fitting (part 15 in Figure 4) that can fix the thermocouple in position. The pressure nut of the fitting should be tightened (to) a suitable depth sufficient to fix the thermocouple so that its free (position) never changes during the test. When polytetrafluoroethylene is used as the fitting, this step can be completed. The fitting need not be used in the following cases: (1) if the cold bath is equipped with an access port, the thermocouple can be easily installed and removed without opening the cold bath door (which might change the temperature of the (test) assembly); (2) (the original source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) the method is to bring the thermocouple (fitting) into contact with the bottom of the thermocouple.
• 10.9 Place the (assembled) test assembly into a preheated oven and heat to 70 ℃±3 ℃, (constant) temperature 60 min±5 min. Then, (remove) the test assembly from the oven and immediately install it (onto) the drive shaft of the testing machine in the precooled -40 ℃ low-temperature test chamber.

8. Analysis procedure

• 8.1 Torque calibration
  • 8.1.1 Place the dynamometer in the cold bath at -40 ℃ and maintain temperature equilibrium. Use a potentiometer matched to the conditioning network to zero the dynamometer and the potentiometric recorder. As needed, adjust or calibrate the potentiometer range to achieve the required zero and full-scale calibration. Select the millivolt range on the recording potentiometer and record the recorder pen displacement produced by a known force applied to the dynamometer. (If necessary, a platform may be made on the dynamometer to support calibration weights.) While recording the recorder pen displacement produced by the applied force, gradually apply force (up to about 200 N or 200 N or more), calibrate other millivolt ranges in a similar manner up to the point defined by the maximum displacement or maximum load, then gradually remove the force to determine possible hysteresis.
  • 8.1.2 Plot the applied force versus recorder pen displacement for each millivolt range, then use these plots to determine the torque of the test grease. Usually, these plots are linear, and a simple conversion factor can be calculated.
  • 8.1.3 Perform this calibration only when initially installing or occasionally checking as specified, however, calibrate the torque measurement system before each test.
• 8.2 Temperature calibration
  • 8.2.1 In order to obtain accurate torque measurement values, it is necessary to calibrate the temperature correctly.
  • 8.2.2 Calibrate the temperature measurement system, including the potentiometer and spindle thermocouple, by comparing the measured temperature at 0 ℃ and -40 ℃ with the temperature calibrated by the thermometer as described in ASTM E220. Alternatively, both the thermometer and thermocouple may be calibrated using the mercury freezing point described in test method ASTM E77 or a constant temperature bath prepared according to the specification JJF 1030, and a reference ice bath may be prepared by operating according to method ASTM E563.
    • Note: A low-temperature liquid bath using commercially available automotive ethylene glycol coolant as the medium may also be used.
  • 8.2.3 When measuring the spindle temperature, apply the correction determined by the thermocouple calibration.
• 8.3 Spring calibration
  • 8.3.1 Remove the spring (part 8 in Figure 4) and the inner and outer pressure baffles (part 9 and part 11 in Figure 4) from the test assembly.
  • 8.3.2 Install the spring and baffles in the correct order, apply a pressure of 400 N, and measure the distance between the two baffles with an error within ±0.03 mm. Since the distance between the two baffles changes slightly around the periphery of the baffles, measure the shortest distance point between them. When assembling the test element, ensure that the two baffles and the spring are in a straight line.
  • 8.3.3 Using the dimensions measured by 8.3.2, make a specific spring gauge of equal length. When assembling the test assembly, use this gauge to apply a load of 400 N.
    • Note: Some low-temperature torque test instruments provide a metal cylinder used for calibrating the spring; a small number of these instruments have been found to be inaccurate. If the instrument indeed has such a metal cylinder, its calibration should be approved by the manufacturer or verified by the test operator before testing; it is best to make and use a specific spring gauge.
• 10.10 Turn the test machine drive pulley by hand; gently secure the torque arm on the upper part of the load sensor (not exceeding 3 mg, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), but do not rotate the hub to position the torque arm, because the shaft (bearing) cannot rotate after the test grease is installed. Therefore, it is best that the position of the (hub) relative to the mandrel remains unchanged during assembly; one way to achieve this is to align the hub torque arm with the key in the mandrel (component 14 in Figure 4) in the same plane. In a similar method, always pre-position the test machine drive shaft so that when installing the assembly, the torque arm is mounted above the load sensor. For rotating the (drive) wheel or (short) suddenly driving the motor to bring the torque arm to the appropriate position.
• 10.11 According to the cooling rate curve described in Figure 3, immerse and cool the test assembly at a temperature of -40 ℃±0.5 ℃ for 5 h±0.1 h.
  • Note: Because there are various (cold) baths, in order to satisfy the above cooling (characteristics), it is necessary to isolate the test assembly to slow the cooling rate or add a small fan or (blower) to increase the cooling rate. Once suitable isolation or air speed measures are established, from the first test to subsequent tests, the cooling rate (unclear in the source text, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 10.12 After the equipment is (running) and no further adjustment is needed, (use) the instrument to measure torque. Select the highest millivolt range for the recording potentiometer; if the applicable range of the torque indication is known in advance, (select) a lower range. Calibrate the potentiometer according to the manufacturer's instructions.
• 10.13 Measure and record the temperature of the test assembly just before (starting) the drive. Turn on the recording potentiometer switch to record the curve. Start the drive motor, run the test, at least (original text source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) min.
• 10.14 Measure the pen displacement on the potentiometer recorder during operation 60 s. If the maximum torque occurs after 60 s, record the maximum torque value, the time it occurs, and the torque value at 60 s. Due to manufacturing errors, some test devices may give cyclic torque recording values under high torque conditions. In these cases, measure the pen displacement as indicated in Figure 5.
  • Figure 5 Resistance measured by the potentiometer recorder: normal torque T = h × calibration constant; cyclic torque T = (h + h₁) × calibration constant (original text source-text extraction is "F-hX calibration constant" "TB4+h.JX calibration constant", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); the abscissa is running time/s (10, 20, 60, 120, 180).
• 10.15 Remove the test assembly from the device and place it in an oven preheated to about 70 ℃ to prevent rust. Do not disassemble the test assembly; (wait until) the test (assembly) has been heated and (dried). Usually, to prevent (rust), the test assembly may not be (disassembled) until it is (needed) for the next (test) (original text source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).

9. Qualitative and Quantitative Determination and Calculation Formulas

• 11 Calculate the torque according to formula (1):
  • T = 0.00981 × F × L (original text source-text extraction is "0.00981×EX1", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
  • Where:
    • T—— torque value, N·m;
    • F—— force measured from displacement and the calibration value of clause 7.5, kgf (original text source-text extraction is "force measured from displacement and the calibration value of clause 7.5, kgf", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction));
    • L—— distance between the (torque) arm and the centerline of the load sensor, mm.
• Note: In the original text, the clause number source-text extraction of chapter 11 is "11", and the formula number is (1); the foreword mentions the deletion of the torque calculation formula (2) in clause 11.1 of ASTM D4693-07, and this formula has been deleted in this standard.
• Qualitative determination: The measured torque value is used as an indicator of the viscosity resistance of the grease (1.1, Chapter 4).

10. Precision

• 13.1 Precision: According to the following provisions, judge the reliability of the test results (95% confidence level).
  • 13.1.1 Repeatability (r): In the same laboratory, by the same operator using the same instrument, under the same operating conditions, the difference between two results obtained from repeated determinations of the same sample shall not exceed the value of formula (2):
    • r = 0.22M (original text source-text extraction is "r = 0.22M•", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
    • Where: M—— average of two determination results, N·m.
  • 13.1.2 Reproducibility (R): The difference between two single, independent results obtained by different operators in different laboratories using different instruments on the same sample shall not exceed the value of formula (3):
    • R = 0.55M (original text source-text extraction is "R=0.5SM", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
    • Where: M—— average of two determination results, N·m.
• 13.2 Bias: There is no bias in evaluating the low-temperature torque performance of grease using this test method, because the low-temperature torque value can only be defined according to this test method.
• Note: For reference, Table 1 gives the torque results obtained from the NLGI reference system (series 3): NLGI reference system A torque test results at -40 ℃ (series 3): 5.7 N·m; 0.67 N·m (original text source-text extraction is "0.67 N•I", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); 95% lower confidence limit 3.2, upper limit 4.1 (original text Table 1 value source-text extraction is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).

11. Report

• 12.1 The low-temperature torque test shall report the following test parameters:
  • 12.1.1 Test date and grease sample name;
  • 12.1.2 Correct temperature of the mandrel during operation;
  • 12.1.3 Torque at test time 60 s, N·m;
  • 12.1.4 Maximum torque (see 10.14), N·m.
• Note: For reference, Table 1 gives the torque results obtained from the NLGI reference system (series 3) (original text Table 1 value source-text extraction is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).

12. Referenced Documents

• GB/T 269 Standard Test Method for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease and Petrolatum (GB/T 269-1991, eqv ISO 2137:1985)
• GJB 4364 2 Specification for Tank Grease
• JJF 1030 Specification for Testing Technical Performance of Constant Temperature Baths
• JJG 50 Verification Regulation for Glass Liquid Thermometers for Petroleum Products
• SH/T 0773 Standard Test Method for Life Characteristics of Automotive Wheel Hub Bearing Grease
• AFBMA 19 Metric Radial Tapered Roller Bearings
• ASTM E1 ASTM Specification for Glass Liquid Thermometers
• ASTM E77 Standard Test Methods for Inspection and Calibration of Thermometers
• ASTM E220 Standard Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Comparison Techniques
• ASTM E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Calibration of Thermocouples
• ASTM E563 Preparation and Use of Ice Point Standard Baths
• ASTM E585/E585M Specification for Compacted Insulated Mineral, Metal-Sheathed, Metal-Based Thermocouple Cables
• ASTM E608/E608M Specification for Metal-Sheathed, Metal-Based Thermocouples
• Note: In the original text, the numbering source-text extraction of ASTM E585/E585M and ASTM E608/E608M in chapter 2 has noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction).

13. Source and verification

This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.

14. Quick Reference Q&A