NB/SH/T 0877-2014 Determination of rubber compatibility of lubricating oils
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Card type: Test method
1. Method number / full title / English title / replacement relationship
- Standard number: NB/SH/T 0877—2014
- Chinese title: Determination of rubber compatibility of lubricating oils
- English title: The evaluation of oil-elastomer compatibility
- Replacement relationship: not provided in the available source (the foreword only states "adopted by the redrafting method with modification from CEC L-39-T-96 (2011)", and does not mention replacing any previous edition of the standard)
- Adoption relationship: modified adoption of CEC L-39-T-96 (2011) "Lubricating oils—Evaluation of rubber compatibility"
- Publication/implementation: published on 2014-06-29, implemented on 2014-11-01
- Issuing authority: National Energy Administration
- Drafting organizations: Dalian Lubricating Oil Research and Development Center of PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing R&D Center of Lubricant Branch of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation
- Main drafters: Yang Chuanfu, Wu Fuli, Li Heran
2. Scope of application and non-applicability
- Scope of application: specifies a method for testing the compatibility of automotive lubricating oils with vulcanized rubber using four standard rubbers: fluoro rubber (RE1), acrylate rubber (RE2-99), silicone rubber (RE3-04), or nitrile rubber (RE4); applicable to determining the compatibility of automotive lubricating oils with vulcanized rubber.
- Non-applicability: no explicit non-applicability clause is provided in the available source.
- Warning: the application of this standard may involve certain hazardous materials, operations, and equipment, but it does not address all safety issues associated with them. Users are responsible for establishing appropriate safety and protective measures before use and for determining the applicability of relevant regulatory limitations.
3. Method principle
Dumbbell-shaped test pieces are cut from the specified test rubber sheet, immersed in test oil at the specified temperature for a certain period, and the tensile properties, hardness, and volume before and after immersion are measured. The changes in the properties of the rubber sheet before and after immersion in oil are used to characterize its rubber compatibility. (Chapter 4 Method summary)
4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)
4.1 Reagents
- n-Heptane: analytical reagent (6.1.1)
- Water: meets the requirements for grade three water in GB/T 6682—2008 (6.1.2)
4.2 Materials
- Standard rubbers: the four standard rubbers are shown in Table 1 (6.2.1.1)
| Rubber | Code | Type |
|---|---|---|
| RE1 | FPM | Fluoro rubber |
| RE2-99 | ACM | Acrylate rubber |
| RE3-04 | VMQ | Silicone rubber |
| RE4 | NBR | Nitrile rubber |
- Storage conditions: standard rubber sheets and rubber pieces should be stored below 25 ℃ and protected from light; the shelf life of all four standard rubbers is two years (from the date of production); the thickness of all four standard rubber pieces is 2 mm ± 0.2 mm (6.2.1.1)
- Mechanical parameter requirements for standard rubber pieces (Table 2):
| Rubber | Test item | Unit | Minimum value | Maximum value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RE1 | Tensile strength at break | N/mm² | 10.7 | 18.6 |
| RE1 | Elongation at break | % | 267.6 | 382.5 |
| RE1 | Hardness | IRHD | 71.6 | 80.2 |
| RE2-99 | Tensile strength at break | N/mm² | 10.7 | 18.7 |
| RE2-99 | Elongation at break | % | 149.5 | 249.3 |
| RE2-99 | Hardness | IRHD | 62.7 | 72.7 |
| RE3-04 | Tensile strength at break | N/mm² | 6.1 | 7.6 |
| RE3-04 | Elongation at break | % | 112.9 | 159.5 |
| RE3-04 | Hardness | IRHD | 77.4 | 84.4 |
| RE4 | Tensile strength at break | N/mm² | 21.3 | 26.0 |
| RE4 | Elongation at break | % | 337.4 | 442.5 |
| RE4 | Hardness | IRHD | 73.3 | 77.9 |
Note: The hardness values listed in the table were all obtained using a micro international rubber hardness tester conforming to GB/T 6031.
- Dumbbell-shaped test piece dimensions (Table 3, GB/T 528—2009 2 type, unit mm): A 75; B 12.5±1.0; C 25±1.0; D 4.0±0.1; E 8±0.5; F 12.5±1.0
- Suction filter paper (6.2.2)
- Stainless steel wire: stainless steel wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm ~ 0.3 mm (6.2.3)
4.3 Reference oils
- Three reference oils RL133, RL235, RL243 and four standard rubber pieces RE1, RE2-99, RE3-04, RE4 are used to check the test system; the check results may refer to Annex B (8.1)
- Newly purchased standard rubber pieces need to be verified with reference oil; for routine analysis, a check with reference oil is required once every ten tests (8.2)
5. Instruments and equipment
- 5.1 Cutting die and cutting machine: a cutting die and cutting machine capable of cutting test pieces of type 2 in GB/T 528—2009
- 5.2 Test piece punch
- 5.3 Micro thickness gauge: precision 0.01 mm
- 5.4 Hardness tester: a micro international rubber hardness tester conforming to GB/T 6031 or a Shore A hardness tester conforming to GB/T 531.1 may be used. Note: When test results are disputed, the test results measured with the micro international rubber hardness tester shall prevail
- 5.5 Electronic balance: capable of weighing 270 g, precision 0.01 g
- 5.6 Beaker: a lipless glass beaker with a volume of about 400 mL, see Figure 1
- 5.7 Glass beaker cover and holder: ensure that the dumbbell-shaped test pieces immersed in the test oil do not contact the walls of the beaker; all sides of the test pieces are immersed in the test oil, and the test pieces do not contact each other, see Figure 1
- 5.8 Oven: temperature control capability at 150 ℃±2 ℃ and 100 ℃±2 ℃
- 5.9 Tensile testing machine: a tensile testing machine with an extensometer conforming to GB/T 528—2009
- Figure 1 Beaker and holder dimensions: 130 mm, 70 mm
6. Recommended operating conditions
- Test temperature (Table 4):
| Rubber | Type | Code | Test temperature |
|---|---|---|---|
| RE1 | Fluoro rubber | FPM | 150 ℃±2 ℃ |
| RE2-99 | Acrylate rubber | ACM | 150 ℃±2 ℃ |
| RE3-04 | Silicone rubber | VMQ | 150 ℃±2 ℃ |
| RE4 | Nitrile rubber | NBR | 100 ℃±2 ℃ |
- Immersion time: 168 h±2 h (10.1.7)
- Tensile testing machine pulling rate: 450 mm/min ~ 550 mm/min (10.2.8)
- Measurement ambient temperature: 23 ℃±2 ℃ (10.2.3)
- Test oil amount: 270 g±1 g (10.1.2)
7. Sampling and specimen preparation
7.1 Preparation of test pieces (Chapter 9)
- 9.1 Cut 8 dumbbell-shaped test pieces perpendicular to the grain direction on the standard rubber sheet; those within 10 mm from the edge of the rubber sheet cannot be used; the dumbbell-shaped test pieces shall conform to the 2 type specification in GB/T 528—2009
- 9.2 Number of dumbbell-shaped test pieces required for testing: for initial parameters (tensile properties only), at least 5 pieces (new pieces); for parameters after immersion in test oil, 3 pieces (test pieces)
- 9.3 (the original numbering is missing, source-text extraction doubtful point, requires confirmation against the source standard) Mark the test pieces so that each test piece can be distinguished after the test (especially test pieces that have been immersed in test oil)
- 9.4 Use a punch to make a small hole with a diameter of about 2 mm at about 4 mm from the edge of one end of the dumbbell-shaped test piece to facilitate weighing
- 9.5 Use a micro thickness gauge to measure the thickness of the new test pieces and the test pieces immersed in test oil at the middle position along the length direction of the dumbbell-shaped test pieces; the thickness of the new test pieces shall be within 2 mm±0.2 mm
- 9.6 According to GB/T 6031 or GB/T 531.1, measure the hardness of the test pieces before immersion in test oil (H₀). Note: The dumbbell-shaped slices cut from the standard rubber sheet have a smooth and matte surface; ensure that the same surface is used to test hardness before and after immersion
- 9.7 According to GB/T 1690, measure the volume of the test pieces before immersion in test oil (V₀)
8. Analysis procedure
8.1 Immersion test (10.1)
- 10.1.1 Set the oven temperature according to the type of standard rubber piece, see Table 4
- 10.1.2 Use a balance to weigh 270 g±1 g test oil in a beaker
- 10.1.3 Use S-shaped stainless steel wire hooks of appropriate length, hook one end into the small hole of the dumbbell-shaped test piece, and fix the other end on the groove of the glass holder
- 10.1.4 Completely immerse the test pieces in the test oil, keep the test pieces from contacting each other and from contacting the beaker wall, and cover the beaker with a glass cover plate
- 10.1.5 Place the beaker into the oven
- 10.1.6 Record the date and time; the immersion test begins after the beaker is placed into the oven
- 10.1.7 Immerse for 168 h±2 h, then remove the beaker from the oven
- 10.1.8 Remove the dumbbell-shaped test piece from the test oil
- 10.1.9 Cool the dumbbell-shaped test piece in air for 30 min
- 10.1.10 Immerse the dumbbell-shaped test piece in n-heptane for cleaning, for no more than 5 s
- 10.1.11 Wipe the test piece dry with filter paper
8.2 Testing (10.2)
- 10.2.1 For RE3-04 rubber test pieces, measurements shall be completed within 30 min after n-heptane cleaning
- 10.2.2 For RE1, RE2-99, RE4 rubber test pieces, measurements shall be completed within 4 h after n-heptane cleaning
- 10.2.3 All measurements shall be carried out under 23 ℃±2 ℃
- 10.2.4 If necessary, before testing, wipe off oil contamination adhering to the surface of the test piece with absorbent wipes
- 10.2.5 Measurements shall be carried out according to the following steps: volume, hardness, tensile properties at break
- 10.2.6 Measure the volume of 3 test pieces according to the procedure of GB/T 1690. Note: When weighing in water, bubbles on the surface of the test piece shall be completely removed
- 10.2.7 Measure the hardness of 3 test pieces according to GB/T 6031 or GB/T 531.1 (Hf). Note: Each cut dumbbell-shaped test piece has a smooth surface and a matte surface; ensure that the same surface is used for hardness measurement before and after immersion
- 10.2.8 Measure the tensile strength at break and elongation at break of 3 test pieces respectively according to GB/T 528—2009, with a tensile rate of 450 mm/min ~ 550 mm/min
- 10.2.8.1 Determine the average value of the tensile strength at break of 3 test pieces (TSBf)
- 10.2.8.2 Determine the average value of the elongation at break of 3 test pieces (EABf)
- 10.2.8.3 Determine by the same method the average values of tensile strength at break and elongation at break of 5 new test pieces (reference pieces) (TSB₀, EAB₀). Note: Testing of test pieces before and after immersion shall be carried out on the same day
8.3 Calibration of equipment (Chapter 7)
- 7.1 Before use, observe the edge of the dumbbell cutter to ensure it is smooth and not rough
- 7.2 The thickness gauge shall be calibrated at least once a year
- 7.3 The hardness tester shall be calibrated at least once a year
- 7.4 The balance shall be calibrated at least once a year
- 7.5 The thermocouple of the oven shall be checked at least once a month; ideally, online detection equipment should ensure that the temperature fluctuation during the test is within 2 ℃
- 7.6 A tensile testing machine conforming to GB/T 528—2009 shall be calibrated once a year
9. Qualitative and quantitative determination and calculation formulas
9.1 Volume change rate (11.1)
- 11.1.1 Calculate the volume change rate of each test piece using formula (1): V = [(V₁ − V₀) / V₀] × 100 ……(1) Where: V— volume change rate of the test piece, %; V₁—volume of the test piece after immersion in the test oil, in milliliters (mL); V₀—volume of the test piece before immersion in the test oil, in milliliters (mL)
- 11.1.2 Record the average value of the above 3 test results
9.2 Hardness change (11.2)
- 11.2.1 Calculate the hardness change of each test piece using formula (2): H = H₁ − H₀ ……(2) Where: H— hardness change of the test piece before and after immersion in the test oil, IRHD/HA; H₁—hardness of the test piece after immersion in the test oil, IRHD/HA; H₀—hardness of the test piece before immersion in the test oil, IRHD/HA
- 11.2.2 Record the average value of the above 3 measurement results
9.3 Changes in tensile properties (11.3)
- 11.3.1 Calculate the change rate of tensile strength at break using formula (3): T = [(TSB₁ − TSB₀) / TSB₀] × 100 ……(3) Where: T— change rate of tensile strength at break, %; TSB₁—average value of tensile strength at break of test pieces after immersion in the test oil, N/mm²; TSB₀—average value of tensile strength at break of reference pieces, N/mm²
- 11.3.2 Calculate the change rate of elongation at break using formula (4): E = [(EAB₁ − EAB₀) / EAB₀] × 100 ……(4) Where: E— change rate of elongation at break, %; EAB₁—average value of elongation at break of test pieces after immersion in the test oil, %; EAB₀—average value of elongation at break of reference pieces, %
10. Precision
10.1 Precision and bias (Chapter 13)
- 13.1 The precision of the test depends on the chemical nature of the rubber; all the following data are valid only for reference oils RL133, RL235 and RL243; accordingly, the precision is applicable only to oils whose chemical and sealing properties are similar to those of RL133, RL235 and RL243. Judge the reliability of test results according to the following provisions (confidence level of 95%)
- 13.2 Repeatability r: In the same laboratory, by the same operator, using the same equipment and the same method, for successive determinations on the same sample, the difference between two test results shall not exceed the value in Table 5
- 13.3 Reproducibility R: In different laboratories, by different operators, using different instruments, according to the same method, for determination on the same sample, the difference between two single, independent test results shall not exceed the value in Table 5
10.2 Table 5 Requirements for repeatability and reproducibility data of reference oils
(Note: The hardness values listed in the table are all measured values from a micro international rubber hardness tester)
RE1 FPM:
| Parameter | Reference oil | Average value | Repeatability | Reproducibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL133 | -0.87 | 1.59 | 2.69 |
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL235 | 0.78 | 0.70 | 1.69 |
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL243 | -2.61 | 1.83 | 3.14 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL133 | -8.29 | 10.01 | 18.29 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL235 | -40.24 | 5.18 | 7.06 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL243 | -1.4 | 7.00 | 11.27 |
| Tensile strength at break change rate/% | RL133 | 0.84 | 9.48 | 12.07 |
| Tensile strength at break change rate/% | RL235 | -24.14 | 7.34 | 8.59 |
| Tensile strength at break change rate/% | RL243 | -3.37 | 7.77 | 8.49 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL133 | 0.69 | 0.90 | 1.27 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL235 | 0.21 | 0.94 | 0.94 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL243 | 1.01 | 0.16 | 0.41 |
RE2-99 ACM:
| Parameter | Reference oil | Average value | Repeatability | Reproducibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL133 | 1.88 | 2.26 | 6.99 |
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL235 | -7.63 | 4.68 | 5.68 |
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL243 | -2.03 | 5.35 | 5.95 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL133 | -17.40 | 8.02 | 17.85 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL235 | -38.98 | 9.62 | 10.10 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL243 | -16.78 | 7.64 | 11.25 |
| Tensile strength at break change rate/% | RL133 | 5.09 | 6.69 | 13.40 |
| Tensile strength at break change rate/% | RL235 | -8.10 | 14.59 | 15.00 |
| Tensile strength at break change rate/% | RL243 | -0.15 | 7.56 | 12.54 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL133 | 2.71 | 1.48 | 1.48 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL235 | -0.38 | 0.75 | 0.89 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL243 | 4.21 | 0.43 | 1.45 |
RE3-04 VMQ:
| Parameter | Reference oil | Average value | Repeatability | Reproducibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL133 | -19.76 | 1.72 | 4.49 |
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL235 | -16.60 | 12.18 | 3.56 |
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL243 | -30.01 | 2.90 | 5.92 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL133 | -10.41 | 16.74 | 18.68 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL235 | -3.84 | 15.68 | 15.68 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL243 | -2.56 | 5.08 | 10.31 |
| Rate of change of tensile strength at break/% | RL133 | -9.00 | 2.67 | 8.90 |
| Rate of change of tensile strength at break/% | RL235 | -10.41 | 5.46 | 9.06 |
| Rate of change of tensile strength at break/% | RL243 | -9.60 | 4.11 | 9.07 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL133 | -40.30 | 1.52 | 3.28 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL235 | 15.28 | 2.03 | 3.35 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL243 | 11.67 | 4.41 | 6.61 |
RE4 NBR:
| Parameter | Reference oil | Average value | Repeatability | Reproducibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL133 | -2.15 | 1.86 | 2.76 |
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL235 | 2.24 | 0.86 | 2.91 |
| Hardness change/IRHD | RL243 | -3.10 | 2.15 | 2.36 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL133 | -21.87 | 9.29 | 15.36 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL235 | -43.52 | 3.00 | 8.77 |
| Elongation at break/% | RL243 | -14.26 | 7.35 | 11.48 |
| Rate of change of tensile strength at break/% | RL133 | -3.43 | 9.42 | 9.42 |
| Rate of change of tensile strength at break/% | RL235 | -13.62 | 2.82 | 3.51 |
| Rate of change of tensile strength at break/% | RL243 | 0.27 | 5.40 | 7.35 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL133 | 3.16 | 0.60 | 1.36 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL235 | -0.78 | 0.91 | 1.26 |
| Volume change rate/% | RL243 | 4.31 | 0.30 | 0.34 |
(Note: Some values in Table 5 have source-text extraction noise doubts, such as RE1 RL243 elongation at break average value "-1.4", RE3-04 RL235 hardness change repeatability "12.18", etc., requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
11. Report
12 Result Report
- 12.1 Report the volume change after immersion in test oil (%), retain one decimal place
- 12.2 Report the hardness change after immersion in test oil IRHD/HA, retain an integer
- 12.3 Report the change in tensile strength at break after immersion in test oil (%), retain an integer
- 12.4 Report the change in elongation at break after immersion in test oil (%), retain an integer
12. Normative References
- GB/T 528—2009 Determination of tensile stress-strain properties of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber (10-100IRHD) (ISO 37:2005 IDT)
- GB/T 531.1 Method for indentation hardness testing of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber (GB/T 531.1-2008 ISO 7619-1:2004 IDT)
- GB/T 1690 Method for liquid resistance testing of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber (GB/T 1690—2006 ISO 1817:2005)
- GB/T 6031 Determination of hardness of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber (GB/T 6031—1998 ISO 48:1994)
- GB/T 6682—2008 Specifications and test methods for water for analytical laboratory use (ISO 3696:1987 MOD)
- GB/T 1.1—2009 Drafted according to the rules given (Foreword)
13. Source and verification
This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.
14. Quick Reference Q&A
| Question | Key points of answer |
|---|---|
| Which standard rubbers are used in this standard? | Four types: fluororubber RE1 (FPM), acrylate rubber RE2-99 (ACM), silicone rubber RE3-04 (VMQ), nitrile rubber RE4 (NBR) |
| Thickness requirement for standard rubber sheet? | 2 mm ± 0.2 mm |
| Shelf life of standard rubber? | Two years (from date of production), store away from light below 25 ℃ |
| Specification of test piece? | GB/T 528—2009 Type 2 dumbbell-shaped test piece |
| Immersion time? | 168 h ± 2 h |
| Test temperature for each rubber? | RE1/RE2-99/RE3-04: 150 ℃±2 ℃; RE4: 100 ℃±2 ℃ |
| Amount of test oil? | 270 g ± 1 g |
| How many test pieces are needed for initial parameters? | At least 5 pieces (new pieces) |
| How many test pieces are needed for parameters after immersion? | 3 pieces |
| n-heptane cleaning time? | Not exceeding 5 s |
| Time limit for RE3-04 measurement? | Completed within 30 min after n-heptane cleaning |
| Time limit for RE1/RE2-99/RE4 measurement? | Completed within 4 h after n-heptane cleaning |
| Measurement ambient temperature? | 23 ℃±2 ℃ |
| Tightening rate of tensile testing machine? | 450 mm/min ~ 550 mm/min |
| Which hardness tester prevails in case of dispute? | Micro international rubber hardness tester |
| What types of reference oil are there? | RL133, RL235, RL243 |
| How often is reference oil used for routine analysis verification? | Every ten times |
| How many decimal places for volume change rate? | One decimal place |
| How many decimal places for hardness change? | Integer |
| How many decimal places for change in tensile strength at break? | Integer |
| How many decimal places for change in elongation at break? | Integer |
| Confidence level for precision? | 95% |
| Applicable conditions for precision? | Valid only for reference oils RL133, RL235, RL243, and only applicable to oils with chemical properties and sealing properties similar to those three |
| Equipment calibration cycle? | Thickness gauge/hardness tester/balance/tensile testing machine at least once a year; oven thermocouple at least once a month |
| Main technical differences between this standard and CEC L-39-T-96 (2011)? | Some referenced standards in Chapter 2 adopt the corresponding national standards of our country; add the provision that a Shore A hardness tester conforming to GB/T 531.1 may also be used |
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