NB/SH/T 0896-2015 Evaluation of automotive engine oil performance—Procedure ⅢG method

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Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full title / English title / supersession relationship

• Standard number: NB/SH/T 0896—2015
• Chinese title: Evaluation of automotive engine oil performance—Procedure ⅢG method
• English title: Standard test method for evaluation of automotive engine oils in the sequence IIIG spark-ignition engine
• Supersession relationship: This standard is first published (original foreword: This standard is first published)
• Adoption relationship: Adopted by the redrafting method with modification from ASTM D7320-12a "Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence ⅢG Spark-Ignition Engine"
• Publication/implementation: published on 2015-10-27, implemented on 2016-03-01
• Publishing unit: National Energy Administration
• Drafting unit: Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
• Main drafters: Lu Wentong, Yang Benfeng
• Custodianship: Subcommittee on Petroleum Fuels and Lubricants of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Petroleum Products and Lubricants (SAC/TC 280/SC1)
• Main technical differences from ASTM D7320-12a (original foreword):
  • Referenced standards adopt China's current standards; where no corresponding standard exists, their substantive content is introduced
  • Recommended typical data for domestic test fuel are added
  • The test bench and engine reference oil calibration test is changed to calibration once after the cumulative non-reference oil test time reaches 25 times
  • The discussion on reference oil testing in Chapter 10 is modified
  • The discussion on test reports in Chapter 13 is modified, and an appendix for test report format is added
  • The introduction on TMC in Appendix A1 of ASTM D7320-12a is deleted
  • The relevant parts in ASTM D7320-12a from 12.4.3.4 to 12.4.3.7 concerning the requirements for raters at the test monitoring center TMC are deleted

2. Scope of application and non-application

• Scope of application (Chapter 1): specifies the method for evaluating the performance of automotive engine oils under high-temperature conditions, including resistance to oxidative thickening, resistance to lacquer deposit formation, anti-wear performance, and oil consumption; applicable to performance evaluation of gasoline engine oils and performance evaluation of diesel engine oils with Procedure ⅢG test requirements.
• Method application (Chapter 5): evaluates the anti-thickening and anti-wear performance of automotive engine oils under high-temperature and high-speed conditions; the Procedure ⅢG test is used to replace the ⅢF test and can be used in GB 11121 and GB 11122 oil product specifications and classifications.
• Non-application: no explicitly listed non-applicable clauses are provided in the available source.

3. Method principle

• 4.1 According to the method, the engine block is solvent-cleaned, measured, and reassembled, with new parts used as required.
• 4.2 The assembled engine is installed on a bench capable of controlling speed, torque, and other operating parameters.
• 4.3 The test oil is added to the engine.
• 4.4 Start the engine, run it for a timed period of 10min, take an analysis oil sample after the timed run, and determine the baseline height of the oil level.
• 4.5 After the baseline oil level height is determined, start the engine, control speed, torque, and temperature to the conditions required by the method within 15min, begin timing after the test conditions meet the requirements, and conduct the formal test of 100h with 20h as one cycle.
• 4.6 Using the oil level height after the timed run of 10min as the baseline, adjust the oil level height at each 20h stage.
• 4.7 Using the 40°C kinematic viscosity of the oil sample after the timed run of 10min as the baseline, calculate the viscosity increase coefficient of the 40°C kinematic viscosity of the oil sample at each 20h stage.
• 4.8 Disassemble the engine, and perform deposit rating and wear measurement on the test parts.

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• 7.1 Test fuel: The Procedure ⅢG test uses special unleaded gasoline, or domestic test fuel; fuel specifications are given in Appendix G.
  • 7.1.1 Fuel tanks used for transportation and storage must be rinsed before filling with test fuel.
  • 7.1.2 The fuel used for each test is at least 3030L.
  • 7.1.3 Analyze the oil quality in the fuel storage tank to ensure that the fuel used for the test has not deteriorated or been contaminated; analysis items include distillation range, density, sulfur content, and gum, etc.
• 7.2 Coolant: Coolant for each engine system (jacket cooling system, oil cooling system, and breather cooling system): prepared from industrial-grade ethylene glycol and the additive in clause 7.3, or use the coolant required by method SH/T 0758.
• 7.3 Coolant additive: use Nacool 2000 or Pencool 2000.
• 7.4 Coolant preparation:
  • 7.4.1 The coolant must not be heated during preparation.
  • 7.4.2 The volume of the coolant blending tank must meet the coolant volume requirement of the test bench cooling system.
  • 7.4.3 Measure and add ethylene glycol into the blending tank.
  • 7.4.4 The amount of additive added to ethylene glycol is: 15.625 mL/L.
  • 7.4.5 After adding the additive, stir for 30min.
  • 7.4.6 After blending, add the coolant to each cooling system of the bench.
• 7.5 Cleaning materials before testing:
  • 7.5.1 Penmul L460 cleaning agent is usually used for soaking and brushing engine parts.
  • 7.5.2 Solvent naphtha conforming to the specification No. 4 in GB 1922—2006.
  • 7.5.3 Engine cooling jacket flushing material: Procedure ⅢG cleaning agent blended in the ratio of 94% oxalic acid and 6% petroleum dispersant.
  • 7.5.4 Cleaning agents to be used in the engine parts cleaning machine: NAT-50, PDN-50 soap-type cleaning agent, or substitutes with equivalent performance.
• 7.6 Sealants and anti-seize materials:
  • 7.6.1 Use 2# non-curing sealant for cylinder head bolts.
  • 7.6.2 Engine front and rear cover gaskets.
  • 7.6.3 Use GM company sealant (part number: 12346141) or Dow Corning grade 3154 sealant or Permatex black sealant (part number: 24105) on the mating surfaces of the oil pan and cylinder block, intake, and cylinder head.
  • 7.6.4 Polytetrafluoroethylene tape may be used, but it must not contact engine oil.
• 8 Test oil requirements:
  • 8.1 Test oil selection: the test oil provider confirms that the test oil has a representative formulation and is not contaminated.
  • 8.2 Test oil amount: the Procedure ⅢG test requires about 12L of test oil.
  • 8.3 Test oil storage: before testing, the test oil should be stored in a room that prevents rainwater contamination.

5. Instruments and equipment

• 6.1 Laboratory conditions:
  • 6.1.1 The laboratory should be clean and dust-free.
  • 6.1.2 Control the laboratory temperature during measurement so that the difference between the measurement temperatures before and after the test is within ±3°C.
  • 6.1.3 not provided in the available source (source-text extraction doubtful point, requires confirmation against the source standard)
  • 6.1.4 Air-filter the engine installation room and control its humidity to prevent dust from settling on part surfaces or rusting.
  • 6.1.5 Lighting or ventilation facilities in the laboratory must not blow directly on the engine on the bench.
• 6.2 Drawings: Test equipment drawings can be obtained from TMC; the drawing list is given in Appendix A. For drawings with dimensional units, the measurement temperature is 22°C±3°.
• 6.3 Specified equipment: Specified equipment may be replaced by substitutes of equivalent performance, but equipment specified by the procedure should be used as much as possible.
  • 6.3.1 The laboratory must not use lighting equipment with high heat output to shine directly on the engine, nor may heat insulation treatment be applied to the engine to control oil or coolant temperature. For operator safety and equipment protection, heat insulation treatment may be applied to the exhaust pipe line downstream of the oxygen sensor.
• 6.4 Test engine: The test uses a 1996-97 L36 3800 I series 3.8L V-6 electronic fuel injection engine, compression ratio 9.0:1. Assemble the engine according to the method; for engine assembly requirements, see the "Procedure ⅢG Test Engine Installation Manual"; parts requiring replacement are given in Appendix B. Commercially available engines cannot be used for the test.
  • 6.4.1 Engine parts: For descriptions of engine parts, see the "Procedure ⅢG Test Engine Installation Manual".
    • 6.4.1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the "Procedure ⅢG Test Engine Installation Manual", all parts on the engine should be purchased from the central parts supplier, designated parts suppliers, or the parts manufacturer.
    • 6.4.1.2 Procedure ⅢG test parts cannot be used for other purposes.
    • 6.4.1.3 Procedure ⅢG engine parts also cannot be used on automotive engines.
    • 6.4.1.4 Use engine parts as a complete set according to the relevant instructions in Appendix C.
• 6.5 Engine speed and torque control: Use the dynamometer control system to control engine speed and torque according to the speed and torque control procedure in Chapter 11.
• 6.6 Bench fluid control system module: used to control engine coolant, heat exchanger coolant, oil cooler coolant, intake manifold cooling water, and test fuel supply; composed of pumps, flowmeters, flow control valves, external heating and cooling systems, pressure regulators, and low-level drain valves, etc.; acquisition, control, and calculation of test parameters adopt an automatic process control mode. The laboratory builds its own fluid control system; the list of equipment used is given in Appendix D.
  • 6.6.1 Jacket cooling system: Under the condition of no pressure in the coolant, the system controls and maintains the coolant flow at the engine jacket outlet at 160L/min and the temperature at 115°C. The system consists of pumps, rotameters, flow control valves, three-way control valves, external heating and cooling systems, pressure regulating valves, and low-level drain valves, etc. The system controls coolant temperature and flow through a computer.
  • 6.6.2 A filter should be installed in the system to prevent debris from entering the instruments and equipment. It is recommended to use the filter with part number MLS03 from Miller-Leaman.
  • 6.6.3 The entire system should be flushed with clean water at least once before each reference oil test.
• 6.7 Flushing tank: Special flushing equipment for the test bench; this equipment can circulate-flush the engine cooling jacket. Because the cleaning liquid is weakly acidic, the entire set of equipment should be made of materials with strong acid resistance (stainless steel material is recommended).
• 6.8 Coolant blending tank: Special equipment used for blending engine coolant.
• 6.9 Breather cooling system: the system consists of a heat exchanger, heat exchanger fittings, a three-way regulating valve, a heater, a low-point drain valve, etc. The system uses a computer to control coolant flow rate and temperature; under the condition of no coolant pressure, the system controls and maintains the coolant flow rate at the breather outlet at 10 L/min±2 L/min and the temperature at 40°C.
• 6.10 Engine oil cooling system: the system consists of a storage tank, a pump, a heat exchanger, a flow control valve, a temperature control valve, a flowmeter, a check valve, and corresponding piping, etc. This system relies on a computer to control oil temperature, that is, under the condition of a coolant flow rate of approximately 12 L/min, the system controls the oil temperature within the range required by the method. A schematic diagram of the engine oil cooling system is shown in Appendix E.
  • 6.10.1 The oil cooler must be new for each test.
  • 6.10.2 This system must not use copper piping and equipment.
  • 6.10.3 This system must not be clogged with magnetic materials.
  • 6.10.4 Suitable hoses are used for the coolant inlet and outlet of the cooler.
  • 6.10.5 The oil cooler or/and oil filter may be replaced under the following conditions: (1) the oil filter pressure differential is greater than 100kPa or the bypass is open; (2) bypass opening is detected; (3) the oil pressure differential rises slowly as the test proceeds but decreases by more than 10kPa within a time less than 1min. If the real-time oil pressure differential exceeds the average pressure differential of the first hour of the test by 40kPa, the oil filter may also be replaced.
    • 6.10.5.1 The oil cooler and oil filter may be replaced only once per test.
    • 6.10.5.2 If the oil filter is replaced during the test, all oil leaked from the system or the oil filter should be collected. Invert the old filter for at least 15min, collect the oil in the old filter, pour all of it into the new filter, and then install the new filter.
    • 6.10.5.3 When replacing the oil filter or oil cooler, do not add any new oil. The oil lost during replacement is counted in oil consumption.
    • 6.10.5.4 After replacing the oil filter or oil cooler, it should be recorded in the test report.
• 6.11 Fuel system: this system is a pressurized circulating fuel system, including a fuel pressure regulating valve that regulates fuel pressure to 377.5 kPa±12.5 kPa. When the engine is stopped, after fuel is shut off, ensure that the fuel lines and nozzles in the system are not under pressure.
• 6.12 Engine intake air humidity, temperature, and pressure: this system is capable of controlling the intake air humidity at the throttle (the amount of moisture contained per kilogram of dry air) to 11.4g/kg±0.7g/kg, the dry-bulb temperature to 35°C±2°C, and the static pressure to 0.050 kPa; the temperature and pressure measurement points are at the intake connection.
• 6.13 Temperature measurement: temperature measurement uses 1.6mm or 3.2mm iron-constantan (type J) thermocouples meeting the ASTM E608/E608M specification; according to the current condition and requirements of the specific temperature measurement point, and in order to make the exposed portion of the thermocouple sheath wall as short as possible, thermocouples of matching length should be selected.
  • 6.13.1 Thermocouple installation positions: unless otherwise specifically specified by the method, the insertion depth of all thermocouples should be at the center of the medium flow stream.
    • 6.13.1.1 Oil filter connection: the thermocouple is installed on the oil filter connection; see Chapter 8, Section 3 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
    • 6.13.1.2 Oil pan: the thermocouple installation position is in the range of 19mm~25mm from the oil drain plug.
    • 6.13.1.3 Engine coolant inlet: the thermocouple installation position is on the coolant inlet connection.
    • 6.13.1.4 Engine coolant outlet: the thermocouple installation position is on the coolant outlet connection.
    • 6.13.1.5 Breather coolant outlet: the thermocouple installation position is on the coolant outlet connection.
    • 6.13.1.6 Breather gas: the thermocouple installation position is at the breather gas outlet.
    • 6.13.1.7 Fuel: the thermocouple installation position is on the tee connection between the fuel delivery line and the fuel rail.
    • 6.13.1.8 Intake air: the thermocouple installation position is on the intake connection; see Chapter 8, Section 3 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
• 6.14 Air-fuel ratio measurement: an exhaust sample is taken from the outlet flange of the exhaust manifold, and the engine air-fuel ratio is determined by measuring the volume fractions of CO, CO₂, and O₂ in the gas sample. If an electronic exhaust analyzer is used, the collected gas sample should be pre-dried before measurement. To ensure its accuracy, the measuring instrument should be calibrated before measurement; see Appendix F.
  • 6.14.1 Fuel injector flow test: before each test, perform flow detection on the fuel injectors according to the following procedure.
    • 6.14.1.1 Use aliphatic naphtha as the calibration fluid.
    • 6.14.1.2 The fuel supply pressure in the rail is 276kPa.
    • 6.14.1.3 Continuously supply 13V voltage to the injector coil.
    • 6.14.1.4 During the test, the injected fuel quantity is at least 250mL.
    • 6.14.1.5 After the injector injects fuel for 60s, check and record the injected fuel quantity of each injector.
    • 6.14.1.6 Visually observe the fuel injection condition of the injectors; do not use injectors that exhibit streaming or dripping.
    • 6.14.1.7 The range of the difference between the maximum and minimum injected fuel quantities of the six injectors is within 5mL.
  • 6.14.2 After the test is completed, use compressed air to blow dry all solvent oil remaining in the injectors.
• 6.15 Exhaust and exhaust backpressure system:
  • 6.15.1 Exhaust manifold and exhaust pipe: Procedure III G requires the use of a water-jacketed exhaust manifold, and the exhaust pipe is made of stainless steel; see Chapter 8, Section 2 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
  • 6.15.2 Water-jacketed exhaust pipe: for safety, Procedure III G permits the use of a water-jacketed exhaust pipe.
  • 6.15.3 Exhaust sampling lines: exhaust sampling lines are installed on the outlet flanges of the left and right exhaust manifolds respectively; the line model, installation position, and structure should all be the same; during engine operation, the system ensures that water produced does not remain in the lines; see Chapter 8, Section 1 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
  • 6.15.4 Exhaust backpressure lines: exhaust backpressure sampling pipes are installed on the outlet flanges of the left and right exhaust manifolds respectively; the line model, installation position, and structure should all be the same; during engine operation, the system ensures that water produced does not remain in the lines; see Chapter 8, Section 1 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
• 6.16 Blowby flow measurement: use an orifice flowmeter with part number RX-116169-A1 to measure blowby flow; after measurement, its measured value must be corrected as specified. See Section 11.11.
• 6.17 Pressure measurement and pressure sensor installation positions: the method specifies the use of electronic sensors to measure pressure.
  • 6.17.1 Intake manifold absolute pressure: use a sensor with a range of 0~100kPa; the sensor installation position is at the rear end of the throttle on the throttle body; the absolute pressure sensor is connected to the fuel pressure regulator.
  • 6.17.2 Engine main oil gallery pressure: use a sensor with a range of 0~700kPa; the sensor installation position is at the rear end of the filter on the oil filter mounting base.
  • 6.17.3 Oil pump outlet pressure: use a sensor with a range of 0~700kPa; the sensor installation position is at the front end of the filter on the oil filter mounting base.
  • 6.17.4 Exhaust backpressure: use a sensor with a range of 0~10kPa, connect it with a line to the sampling port on the end flange of the exhaust manifold; see Chapter 8, Article 1 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
  • 6.17.5 Intake pressure: use a sensor with a range of -125Pa~125Pa; the installation position is on the intake connection connected to the throttle body; see Chapter 8, Article 4 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
  • 6.17.6 Crankcase pressure: use a sensor with a range of -125Pa~125Pa; the measurement position is at the lowest point of the front end of the intake manifold; see Chapter 6, Section 7 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
• 6.18 PCV valve blockage: during the test, use a simulated PCV (part number OHT3F-002-1) valve to completely block the crankcase ventilation system; see Chapter 6, Section 11 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
• 6.19 Parts improvement: modify parts according to the instructions in the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
  • 6.19.1 Throttle body modification; see Chapter 7, Article 6 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
  • 6.19.2 Intake manifold modification; see Chapter 6, Article 11 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
  • 6.19.3 Engine cylinder block modification; see Chapter 1, Article 2 of the 《Procedure III G Test Engine Installation Manual》.
• 10.2 Data acquisition and control: the Procedure III G test requires the use of a computer system to acquire and control all measured and controlled parameters in the procedure. This system is selected independently by each test laboratory and should be able to integrate the Procedure III G process controller to complete various operations. This system should also meet or exceed the specific performance requirements of certain tests regarding maximum allowable response time and minimum allowable sampling rate. In addition to the above requirements, the system should also have the ability to record each test parameter into the file specified by the test at the minimum allowable recording interval. That is, the interval between consecutive recorded values of each parameter is not greater than 2min. See the “Special Work Report on Data Acquisition and Control Automation II” (DACA II) and the additional requirements mentioned in this procedure.
  • 10.2.1 Sampling rate: the minimum allowable sampling rate that the program can control is set to 1Hz; a better sampling rate is 100Hz.
  • 10.2.2 Measurement accuracy: all measurement equipment used to detect speed, torque, flow, pressure, and temperature should meet the minimum measurement requirements mentioned in the DACA II report, and the response should meet the overall system response time requirements mentioned in TMC. The following are the minimum requirements required for the Procedure III G test.
  • 10.2.3 Temperature: use iron-constantan (type J) thermocouples of ASTM E608/E608M specification; over the full range of -7°C~200°C, the accuracy is ±0.5°C.
  • 10.2.4 Pressure: for measurements with pressure greater than 6.9kPa, the accuracy of the capacitive pressure sensor used is ±0.2%, and the accuracy of the piezoresistive pressure sensor is ±0.35%; for measurements with pressure less than 6.9kPa, the accuracy of the capacitive pressure sensor used is ±13 Pa, and the accuracy of the piezoresistive pressure sensor is ±14 Pa.
  • 10.2.5 Flow rate: For liquid vortex flowmeters, the measurement accuracy requirement is ±0.75% reading error; for gas vortex flowmeters, the accuracy requirement is ±3.0%; for flowmeters, the measurement accuracy requirement is ±1.0% reading error; for Coriolis flowmeters, the measurement accuracy requirement is ±0.75% reading error.
  • 10.2.6 Rotational speed: Use a frequency meter to measure rotational speed; the accuracy requirement is ±1 r/min.
  • 10.2.7 Load: Use a tension/compression load cell to measure load; the accuracy requirement is ±0.25%.
  • 10.2.8 Measurement resolution: The measurement resolution of all parameters shall be at least 1/4 of the parameter measurement accuracy value. That is, if a test procedure requires a certain parameter measurement accuracy of 1.0 units, then the minimum resolution of this parameter is 0.25 units.
  • 10.2.9 System time response: The time response of the entire system refers to the entire process of the complete data acquisition system, including the total time consumed by all filtering, conversion and transmission, buffering, and measurement after a step signal is input for a certain parameter. The system response time is determined by measuring the time between the system output value reaching a specific percentage of the step signal input to the system. For a first-order system, the time taken for the measured output signal to reach 63.2% of the input signal is taken as the response time. For a moving average system, the time taken for the measured output signal to reach 45.4% of the input signal is taken as the response time.
  • 10.2.10 Quality index: The test bench is required to use the quality index method to determine the control performance of certain test parameters. The method requires that for the Program Ⅲ G test, the minimum number of records of test parameters is 2400 times. The quality index is calculated using formula (1): QI = 1 - [Σ|U+L-2Xᵢ| / (U-L)] / n (Formula 1) Where: QI— quality index; Xᵢ — the collected and measured test parameter; U— the upper limit value of the collected and measured test parameter; L— the lower limit value of the collected and measured test parameter; n— the total amount of test parameter collection for the entire test.
    • 10.2.10.1 The QI value of the control parameter is for calculating the parameter QI in Appendix I.
  • 10.2.11 For the collection and control of the parameters in Appendix J, the parameter measuring instruments shall be calibrated before the reference oil test, during the test procedure, or every 6 months.
    • 10.2.11.1 For the intake air humidity system, calibrate at least once a month.
• 9.11.3 Camshaft and hydraulic tappet measuring instrument: For camshaft lobe height measurement, use a Mitutoyo model 201-152 gauge equipped with a model 543-252B digital display to measure the maximum lobe height; for hydraulic tappet length measurement, use a dedicated measuring instrument, and the measuring gauge is equipped with a 4.3mm flat-tip probe, with the measurement point at the center of the top face of the hydraulic tappet.
  • 9.11.3.1 Camshaft and hydraulic tappet measuring instrument accuracy 0.001mm, range 1.3mm.
• 12.5.3 Camshaft and hydraulic tappet measuring instrument: For camshaft measurement, use a Mitutoyo model 201-152 dedicated measuring instrument, equipped with a model 543-252B digital display instrument; for hydraulic tappet measurement, use a Mitutoyo model 131-259 dedicated measuring instrument, equipped with a 4.3mm flat probe. The range of both measuring instruments is 1.3mm.
• 12.6.3 Viscometer: The glass capillary viscometer shall meet the requirements of SH/T 0173.
• 9.9.6 Honing machine: Only a CV616 type honing machine shall be used to hone the cylinder liner. For the honing procedure, see Chapter 2 of the "Program Ⅲ G Test Engine Installation Manual". The equipment manufacturer shall perform a load and current check on the honing machine once a year.
• 9.26.1 Valve spring force measuring device (for example, part number BX-310-2).
• 9.9.11 Special tool for checking the concentricity of the main bearing shell sleeve (part number: BX-398-1).
• 9.50.1 Special tool for driving the oil pump (part number: OHT3F-038-1).

6. Recommended operating conditions

• 11.15.4 Operate the engine according to the conditions in Appendix J.
• 11.15.5 According to the test conditions in Appendix J, conduct the 100h formal test with each 20h as one cycle period. Start timing after all control parameters have reached the conditions specified by the method. When the control temperature reaches the test conditions in Appendix J and stabilizes, or when the heating process reaches the time specified by the method, the calculation program for the quality index (QI) of test parameter control starts. For non-programmed shutdowns, the shutdown time shall be accumulated. The maximum allowable cumulative shutdown time for the Program Ⅲ G test is 24h.
• 11.14.5 10min Timed operation: Operate for 10min under the conditions of controlling engine speed 1500r/min and power 6.34kW.
• 11.14.4 10min Timed operation: Control the engine jacket coolant temperature at 50°C; the breather coolant temperature at 40.0°C; the coolant flow control valve of the oil cooling system in the fully open state.
• 11.14.2 Maintain the ignition voltage at 13V~15V.
• 11.4.1 Before starting the engine, supply 13V~15V voltage to the drivetrain control module, fuel pump, and air-fuel ratio control elements for at least 30s, preheat the oxygen sensor, wait until the air-fuel ratio closed-loop circuit is in the closed state and the air-fuel ratio displays 20:1, and after confirming that all systems are ready, start the engine.
• 11.4.4 After the engine starts, when the speed reaches 1500r/min and the power is 6.34kW, check whether the oil pressure is appropriate.
• 11.5.1 Shutdown procedure: Use 30s time to reduce the engine speed to 1500r/min and power to 6.34kW. Within 90s, drain the engine dead-zone oil sample 472mL and the analysis oil sample, then stop the engine.
• 6.6.1 Jacket cooling system: Control and maintain the engine jacket outlet coolant flow rate at 160L/min and temperature at 115°C.
• 6.9 Breather cooling system: Control and maintain the breather outlet coolant flow rate at 10 L/min±2 L/min and temperature at 40°C.
• 6.10 Engine oil cooling system: Under the condition of coolant flow rate of approximately 12 L/min, control the oil temperature within the range required by the method.
• 6.11 Fuel system: Adjust the fuel pressure to 377.5 kPa±12.5 kPa.
• 6.12 Intake air humidity, temperature, and pressure: Intake air humidity is 11.4g/kg±0.7g/kg, dry-bulb temperature is 35°C±2°C, static pressure is 0.050 kPa.
• 11.8.3 During the 20min period for adjusting the oil level, maintain the engine oil pan oil temperature at 40°C, and the jacket coolant outlet temperature (the source text is interrupted at source-text extraction, requires confirmation against the source standard).
• 9.48.6 Start the coolant circulation pumps of each system, and until the engine is started before the test begins, maintain the coolant circulation temperature at 48.9°C±2.8°C and flow rate at 150L/min. From 9.48.5 to the start of the test shall not exceed 6h (the source text source-text extraction is "oh", requires confirmation against the source standard).
• Appendix J (Normative Appendix) Test parameter control conditions: The source text only lists the appendix title; the specific parameter table content is not provided in the available source.

7. Sampling and specimen preparation

• 11.6 Sampling procedure: When the engine speed drops to 1500r/min, take all oil samples according to the following procedure.
  • 11.6.1 When sampling at each stage, first take the 472mL dead-zone oil sample, then take an appropriate amount of analysis oil sample.
  • 11.6.2 At the end stage of the 10min timed operation and the 100h test, take the 236mL analysis oil sample.
  • 11.6.3 At the 20h, 40h, 60h, 80h stages, take the 59mL analysis oil sample.
• 11.14.6 After the 10min timed operation, before stopping the engine, take the 472mL "dead-zone" oil sample, then take the 236mL analysis oil sample.
• 11.5.2 In the two stages of the 10min timed operation and the 100h test end, pour the drained dead-zone oil sample back into the engine before shutdown.
• 11.5.3 At the 20h, 40h, 60h, 80h stages, before stopping the engine, add 472mL and 59mL new oil.
• 11.8.6 After each 20h in the 100h formal test, except at the end of the 100h test, add 59mL and 472mL new oil to the engine.
• 11.8.7 After each 20h in the 100h formal test, use the taken 472mL "dead-zone" oil sample to adjust the oil level height based on the full-scale line; see Appendix L.
• 12.6.1 The oil sample shall not be filtered before measuring viscosity.
• 12.6.4 Measure the kinematic viscosity of the oil sample at 40°C.
• 12.8 Analysis of metal content in test oil: Analyze the copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb) content in the reference oil sample and the oil samples at each 20h stage. The test method is GB/T 17476, and report the results.

8. Analysis procedure

• 9 Equipment preparation (including engine assembly, parts cleaning, measurement, installation, etc., see clauses 9.1~9.50 for details)
• 10 Calibration:
  • 10.1 A newly established test bench shall be calibrated; after the number of non-reference oil test times reaches 25, the test bench and engine shall be calibrated.
• 11 Engine operating procedure:
  • 11.1 Oil level measuring ruler and plug: The oil level measuring ruler is only used when adding oil to the specified level. At other times during the test, the oil level measuring hole is completely sealed by the plug. See Chapter 1, Section 2 of the "Program Ⅲ G Test Engine Installation Manual".
  • 11.2 O--shaped sealing ring for the measuring ruler hole plug: Replace the sealing ring if necessary to ensure good sealing between the measuring ruler hole and the plug.
  • 11.3 Engine start/stop procedure: Start and stop the engine according to the method.
  • 11.4 Engine start procedure: Start the Ⅲ G engine according to the following procedure.
    • 11.4.1 Before starting the engine, supply 13V~15V voltage to the drivetrain control module, fuel pump, and air-fuel ratio control elements for at least 30s, preheat the oxygen sensor, wait until the air-fuel ratio closed-loop circuit is in the closed state and the air-fuel ratio displays 20:1, and after confirming that all systems are ready, start the engine.
    • 11.4.2 At the same time as the engine starts, automatically open the exhaust manifold cooling water control valve.
    • 11.4.3 If the engine fails to start 5s, check the computer operation real-time record and analyze to determine the cause of failure.
    • 11.4.4 After the engine starts, when the speed reaches 1500r/min and the power is 6.34kW, check whether the oil pressure is appropriate.
  • 11.5 Shutdown procedure: Stop the Ⅲ G engine according to the following procedure.
    • 11.5.1 Use 30s time to reduce the engine speed to 1500r/min, with power at 6.34kW, within 90s discharge the engine dead-zone oil sample 472mL, analyze the oil sample, and then stop the engine.
    • 11.5.2 During the two stages of timed operation at 10min and completion of the 100h test, return the discharged dead-zone oil sample to the engine before shutdown.
    • 11.5.3 During the stages 20h, 40h, 60h, 80h, before engine shutdown, add 472mL and 59mL new oil.
    • 11.5.4 Turn off the power to the control drive system.
    • 11.5.5 After the engine is stopped, close the cooling water valve of the exhaust manifold; for the procedure to adjust the engine oil level, see 11.7 and 11.8.
  • 11.6 Sampling procedure (see Section 7)
  • 11.7 Unplanned shutdown: for an unplanned engine stop, record in detail the time and reason for the shutdown, and explain it in the test report.
  • 11.8 Engine oil level measurement: measure the engine oil level according to the following procedure.
    • 11.8.1 During each 20h stage of timed operation at 10min and of the test, measure the engine oil level.
    • 11.8.2 Stop the engine, and after waiting for the 15min oil to return to the oil pan, measure the engine oil level.
    • 11.8.3 During the time period at 20min when the engine oil level is to be adjusted, maintain the engine oil pan oil temperature at 40°C, and the jacket coolant outlet temperature (the original text at source-text extraction is interrupted, requires confirmation against the source standard).
    • 11.8.4 After 15min, use a calibrated oil dipstick (unit: mm) to measure the engine oil level, see Appendix K.
    • 11.8.5 The engine oil level after timed operation at 10min is taken as the full scale for the test.
    • 11.8.6 After each 20h in the formal test at 100h, except at the end of the 100h test, add 59mL and 472mL new oil to the engine.
    • 11.8.7 After each 20h in the formal test at 100h, use the extracted 472mL "dead zone" oil sample to adjust the engine oil level based on the full-scale line, see Appendix L.
  • 11.9 During the test, the air-fuel ratio is always under closed-loop control.
  • 11.10 Verification of the air-fuel ratio: use exhaust gas analysis or an intake real-time feedback system to verify the intake sensor that measures the air-fuel ratio. Calibrate the real-time sensor according to the manufacturer's recommendations at least every 6 months. If the real-time system allows O₂ percentage compensation, the calculation should be performed. When using exhaust gas analysis, perform verification according to the following procedure:
    • 11.10.1 Use an electronic gas analyzer to measure the volume fractions of CO₂, CO, and O₂ in the exhaust gas.
    • 11.10.2 Based on the measurement results of the volume fractions of CO₂, CO, and O₂, consult the table in Appendix F to determine the air-fuel ratio.
    • 11.10.3 If the air-fuel ratio is greater than 15:1, use the following method with the measured value of CO to correct the measured values of CO₂ and O₂.
      • 11.10.3.1 Use formula (2) to correct the volume fraction of O₂: φ(O₂ corrected) = φ(O₂ measured) - 0.5[φ(CO measured)] (Formula 2)
      • 11.10.3.2 Use formula (3) to correct the volume fraction of CO₂: φ(CO₂ corrected) = φ(CO₂ measured) + φ(CO measured) (Formula 3)
      • 11.10.3.3 Based on the corrected values of the volume fractions of CO₂ and O₂, consult the table (Appendix F) to determine the air-fuel ratio; the difference between the air-fuel ratios determined by the two gases is less than or equal to 0.5.
    • 11.10.4 At the 1h during the test, use an electronic measuring instrument to measure the air-fuel ratio to verify whether the intake sensor is operating normally.
    • 11.10.5 At the 19h, 49h, and 99h during the test, measure the air-fuel ratio, detect