SH/T 0758-2005 Evaluation method for high-temperature oxidation and anti-wear performance of internal combustion engine oils (Procedure ⅢE method)

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Incomplete source card: Sections 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 are absent from the available source. Only available content is translated; source completion is pending.

Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full name / English name / replacement relationship

• Standard number: SH/T 0758-2005
• Chinese name: Evaluation method for high-temperature oxidation and anti-wear performance of internal combustion engine oils (Procedure ⅢE method)
• English name: Test method for evaluation of automotive engine oils for inhibition of oxidation and wear under high-temperature conditions (Sequence-ⅢE method)
• Replacement relationship: not provided in the available source (the foreword only states modified adoption of ASTM D5533-98, and does not mention replacement of an old standard number)
• Adoption relationship: modified adoption of ASTM D5533-98 "Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Internal Combustion Engine Oils by Procedure ⅢE Spark-Ignition Engines"
• Publication/implementation: published by 2005-04-11, implemented by 2005-09-01
• Publishing unit: National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China
• Responsible standardization body: Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
• Drafting unit: Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
• Main drafters: Yang Benfeng, Qiu Yinsheng, Liu Shuntao, Li Shaoyu, Lu Wentong

2. Scope of application and non-applicability

• 1.1 specifies a method for evaluating the tendency of internal combustion engine oils to form high-temperature oxidation thickening, high-temperature sludge, varnish, and other deposits, as well as their anti-wear performance.
• 1.2 is applicable to the evaluation of high-temperature oxidation and anti-wear performance of gasoline engine oils (for example: SG, SH, GF-1, SJ/GF-2) and diesel engine oils.
• Non-applicability: no explicit exclusion clause is provided in the available source.

3. Method principle

• 4 Method summary: before each test, disassemble the engine, thoroughly clean the components with solvent naphtha, and install new parts according to the method requirements; after assembly, install it on a bench capable of controlling speed, load, and other operating parameters. Add the test oil, start the engine, perform 10min timed operation, and adjust the ignition timing angle; then perform 4h break-in operation; immediately after break-in, under high-temperature and high-speed conditions, conduct a total of 64h formal tests with 8h as one cycle.
• After the 10min timed operation and after every 8h of the 64h formal test, take oil samples for analysis and measure the 40℃ kinematic viscosity of the oil samples at each stage; based on the viscosity of the oil sample from the 10min timed operation, calculate the viscosity increase rate at each stage.
• At the end of the test, disassemble the engine and evaluate sludge, varnish, and deposits; measure and evaluate wear on key drive components.
• 5 Significance and use: 5.1 evaluates the oil thickening and anti-wear performance of internal combustion engine oils under high-temperature and high-speed conditions; 5.2 oil thickening is formed by high-temperature oxidation and can reduce the pumping performance of the oil pump, leading to damage of drive components; 5.3 deposit ratings reflect the tendency to form deposits (including piston ring sticking and hydraulic lifter plunger sticking); 5.4 camshaft and lifter wear measurements reflect the anti-wear capability of the contact surfaces of drive components under high mechanical load; 5.5 correlates with the results of oil thickening and anti-wear capability in road tests.

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• 7.1 Fuel: technical specifications are given in Appendix A; oil storage and transport containers must remain clean before filling; the amount of fuel used per test is about 1420L.
• 7.2 Coolant: blended from ethylene glycol and additives; about 87L of freshly prepared coolant must be used for each test.
  • 7.2.1 Coolant additives:
    • a) Sodium metaborate tetrahydrate (NaBO2·4H2O), 12.0g/L
    • b) NACAP, 4mL/L
    • c) Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O), 0.7mL/L
    • d) Sodium nitrite (NaNO2), 4g/L
    • e) PLURONIC L-61, 4mL/L (the source source-text extraction is "M mL/L", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
    • f) Decyl alcohol (CH3(CH2)9OH), 0.7mL/L
• 7.3 Coolant preparation: 7.3.1 do not heat during preparation; 7.3.2 using the same graduated cylinder, sequentially measure NACAP, PLURONIC L-61, and decyl alcohol and pour them into an approximately 4L plastic container, rinse the graduated cylinder with ethylene glycol and pour it in, then measure and add the other chemicals and stir; the composite additive shall not be stored for more than one week, and must be stirred for 30min before being added to the ethylene glycol coolant blending tank; 7.3.3 add a measured amount of ethylene glycol; 7.3.4 add a measured amount of composite additive; 7.3.5 stir for at least 30min; 7.3.6 within 2h, add respectively to the engine cooling jacket, rocker cover cooling system, and breather cooling system.
• 7.4 Cleaning materials:
  • 7.4.1 Pre-test cleaning materials: a) OAKITE 811; b) petroleum ether (90℃～120℃); c) OAKITE 185; d) solvent naphtha (149℃～204℃); e) engine cleaning agent No.7 (oxalic acid 94% mass fraction + petroleum dispersant 425# 6% mass fraction).
  • 7.4.2 Post-test cleaning materials: a) ethyl acetate 37.5%( volume fraction); b) denatured alcohol 27.5%( volume fraction); c) butanol 5.0%( volume fraction); d) o-dichlorobenzene 30.0%( volume fraction).
• 7.5 Sealants and anti-seize materials: a) 4 sealant (Perfect seal No.4); b) 2 non-curing sealant (Permatex No.2); c) 3M adhesive (Super weapharip adhesive); d) anti-seize material; e) silicone sealant.
• 9 Test oil sample: the Procedure ⅢE test requires about 15L of test oil.

5. Instruments and equipment

• 6.1 Laboratory environment: 6.1.1 clean and dust-free; 6.1.2 control the temperature of the measurement laboratory, and the difference between the temperatures measured before and after the test shall be within ±3℃; 6.1.3 the air in the engine installation room shall be filtered and the humidity controlled; 6.1.4 prevent dust from entering or rusting during transfer; 6.1.5 fans or ventilation facilities shall not blow directly onto the engine on the bench; 6.1.6 lighting equipment with high heat output shall not be used to shine directly on the engine, and thermal insulation treatment shall not be applied.
• 6.2 Test engine: BUICK 3.8L V-6 engine produced in year 1986—1987, compression ratio 8.0:1, two-barrel carburetor; 6.2.1 parts must be supplied by the designated production center or instrument agency; 6.2.2 use designated bearings with serial numbers, and substitutes shall not be used; 6.2.3 install the thrust block (part number BX-118641-2).
• 6.3 Engine speed and load control system: generally, an eddy current dynamometer closed-loop system may be used to control speed, and the engine throttle may be used to control load.
• 6.4 External cooling system for the engine cooling jacket: 6.4.1 use a 50.8mm orifice flowmeter to measure coolant flow; 6.4.2 coolant flow 151.0L/min±3.8L/min; 6.4.3 system capacity 85.2L±9.5L; 6.4.4 install a low-point drain valve.
• 6.5 Engine cooling jacket flushing equipment: composed of a flushing tank, pump, temperature controller, and piping, etc.; all components shall use acid-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.
• 6.6 Engine rocker cover, intake manifold, and breather cooling system: 6.6.1 rocker cover and intake manifold coolant flow 11.4L/min±3.8L/min (the source source-text extraction is "M Umin", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), temperature 113.0℃±2.8℃ (the source source-text extraction is "113.090[unreadable sign]2.890", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), coolant flow per rocker cover 5.7L/min±1.9L/min; 6.6.2 rocker cover coolant outlet pressure 27.5kPa±6.9kPa; 6.6.3 breather coolant flow 11.4L/min±3.8L/min, temperature 40.0℃±1.1℃; 6.6.4 breather coolant outlet pressure 27.5kPa±6.9kPa; 6.6.5 install a low-point drain valve in each system.
• 6.7 External cooling system for engine oil: 6.7.1 the oil external circulation pump is installed directly below the oil pan, and copper piping shall not be used; 6.7.2 the oil capacity of the entire oil external circulation system 739mL±59mL; 6.7.3 the speed of the oil external circulation pump 1140r/min±20r/min, the clearance between the gear and the seal cover is less than 0.13mm; 6.7.4 cooling water flow 21.80L/min±0.95L/min.
• 6.8 Engine fuel system: carburetor fuel supply pressure 28kPa±7kPa.
• 6.9 Carburetor intake system: intake humidity 11.4g/kg±0.7g/kg; intake port static pressure 0.050kPa±0.025kPa; intake temperature 27.0℃±1.5℃; 6.9.1 maintain the surface temperature of the intake piping above the dew point; 6.9.2 10min be able to disconnect the carburetor air supply line during timed operation or shutdown.
• 6.10 Temperature measurement: use iron-constantan (type J) thermocouples or platinum resistance thermometers; 6.10.1.1 the oil filter thermocouple is at the top conical fitting of the filter base; 6.10.1.2 the oil pan is at the right rear corner of the oil pan, insertion depth 38mm; 6.10.1.3 the coolant inlet is on the inlet fitting; 6.10.1.4 the coolant outlet is on the outlet fitting; 6.10.1.5 the intake manifold mixture is at the intersection of the sixth cylinder mixture passage, insertion depth 19mm; 6.10.1.6 the rocker cover coolant outlet is within 76mm from the outlet fitting; 6.10.1.7 the intake manifold coolant outlet is at the manifold crossover; 6.10.1.8 the breather coolant outlet is within 76mm from the outlet fitting; 6.10.1.9 the breather blow-by is at the center of the blow-by outlet; 6.10.1.10 the fuel is within 51mm of the type T fitting from the carburetor fuel inlet; 6.10.1.11 the carburetor intake is at the end of the intake fitting; 6.10.1.12 the air temperature in the test room is about 76mm below the oil return pipe fitting of the external oil cooling system of the oil pan.
• 6.11 Air-fuel ratio determination: determine the air-fuel ratio by measuring the volume percentages of CO, CO2, and O2 in the exhaust; before measurement with an electronic exhaust analyzer, the collected gas sample must be pre-dried and calibrated.
• 6.12 Exhaust system and exhaust backpressure control system: composed of an exhaust manifold with cooling jacket, a diameter 102mm exhaust pipe, muffler, and exhaust backpressure control valve, etc.; 6.12.1 exhaust sampling pipes are installed on the upper end faces of the two exhaust manifold flanges, and the two sampling pipes must not be interconnected; 6.12.2 exhaust backpressure pipes are led out from the lower end faces of the respective exhaust manifold end flanges, equipped with water and gas separators.
• 6.13 Blowby flow measurement system: the dedicated measuring instrument is equipped with an orifice flow meter, surge tank, thermometer, pressure gauge, crankcase pressure regulating valve, and corresponding pipelines; blowby is collected from the engine breather outlet.
• 6.14 Pressure measurement and pressure sensor locations: 6.14.1 intake manifold vacuum is measured with a vacuum pressure gauge, range 0kPa to 100kPa, graduation value 0.5kPa, connected at the 3.175mm(NPT) joint at the rear end of the carburetor base; 6.14.2 engine main oil gallery pressure is measured with a pressure gauge of range 0kPa to 700kPa, graduation value 5kPa, with the joint on the left side of the thermocouple at the oil filter base; 6.14.3 oil pump outlet pressure is measured with a pressure gauge of range 0kPa to 700kPa, graduation value 5kPa, with the joint on the right side of the thermocouple at the oil filter base; 6.14.4 rocker cover coolant outlet pressure is measured with a pressure gauge of range 0kPa to 100kPa, graduation value 5kPa; 6.14.5 breather coolant outlet pressure is measured with a pressure gauge of range 0kPa to 100kPa, graduation value 5kPa; 6.14.6 exhaust backpressure is measured with a pressure gauge of range 0kPa to 10kPa, graduation value 25Pa; 6.14.7 carburetor intake pressure is measured with a pressure gauge of range 0Pa to 125Pa, graduation value 5Pa; 6.14.8 crankcase pressure is measured with a pressure gauge of range -125Pa to +125Pa, graduation value 5Pa, with the joint at the front end of the engine cylinder block.
• 10 Test equipment preparation: includes 10.1 cleaning the engine oil heat exchanger, 10.2 flushing the oil circuit of the engine external cooling system, 10.3 cleaning the rocker cover, 10.4 cleaning the breather, 10.5 cleaning the rocker cover oil baffle, 10.6 cleaning the intake manifold, 10.7 cleaning the precision rocker shaft follower, 10.8 cleaning other engine parts, 10.9 cleaning the engine cylinder block, 10.10 cleaning the cylinder head, 10.11 engine assembly, 10.12 preparation before mounting on the test stand, 10.13 test stand installation, 10.14 cleaning the external cooling system, 10.15 flushing the engine and intake manifold cooling jackets, 10.16 adding coolant, 10.17 adding test oil, 10.18 filling the oil pump with oil and pre-lubricating the camshaft/hydraulic tappets, 10.19 installing the distributor, 10.20 preparing for the test to proceed with 10min timed operation.
• 10.11.5.7 Cylinder honing: use a table 4 cylinder honing machine to hone the cylinder wall into a 300 to 400 cross-hatch pattern (the original text source-text extraction is “300[unreadable separator and character]1”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
  • Table 4 Cylinder honing machine model and settings: CK-10 grinding head speed 155r/min, stroke frequency 46 times/min, coarse grinding stone JHU-525, fine grinding stone JHU-820; CV-616 grinding head speed 170r/min, stroke frequency 57 times/min, coarse grinding stone JHU-525, fine grinding stone JHU-820.
• 10.11.5.8 Cylinder honing accuracy: out-of-roundness ≤0.01mm; cylindricity ≤0.01mm; roughness 0.23μm to 0.28μm.
• 10.11.6 Piston-to-cylinder liner clearance: when the feeler gauge pulling force is 13.4N, the clearance should be 0.050mm to 0.127mm.
• 10.11.7 Piston gas ring end gap: use a depth gauge to position the piston ring at 23.67mm from the upper end face of the cylinder liner, and measure with a feeler gauge; when a newly established laboratory first tests with a new engine, the end gaps of the first and second rings may be machined to 0.97mm (the original text source-text extraction is “0, 97=”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 10.11.8 Camshaft and hydraulic tappet measurement: camshaft has 12 flanges, from front to rear 1, 3, 7, 9, 11 flange highest points are at the front end, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 are at the rear end, measurement accurate to 0.001mm; hydraulic tappet top center point length measurement accurate to 0.001mm; left side from front to rear odd numbers (1,3,5,7,9,11), right side even numbers (2,4,6,8,10,12).
• 10.11.13.12 Camshaft rotation torque: 6N·m±1N·m.
• 10.11.17 Main shaft axial play: 0.076mm to 0.280mm.
• 10.11.24.3 Connecting rod bearing clearance 0.013mm to 0.066mm; connecting rod side clearance 0.15mm to 0.58mm (the original text source-text extraction is “0. 15= -0.58mm”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 10.11.31.7 Valve spring: spring force at compressed height 30.48mm is 1037.92N to 1060.07N.
• 10.11.45.3 Spark plug gap 1.14mm; install a new set of spark plugs before the test begins, and replace with a new set of spark plugs when measuring the oil level at 32h.
• 10.11.49 Cooling system leakage check: pressurize to 100kPa, if the pressure drop within 10min is ≥3.4kPa, re-tighten/replace gaskets and seals.
• Table 1 ⅢE Installation torque for engine components (N·m): engine oil gallery plug 13; camshaft thrust block stud 47; camshaft thrust block bearing lock nut 42; main bearing cap bolts 35 to 46; camshaft timing gear retaining bolt 42; timing chain tensioner bolt 19; engine front cover bolts 30; oil pump cover bolts 11; engine coolant inlet connector bolts 30; engine main shaft balancer bolts 176 to 217; piston connecting rod bolts 27 to 50 (the original text source-text extraction is “270--50”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); oil pump oil strainer bolts 11; oil pan bolts 10; timing pointer bolt: no torque applied, tighten until snug; cylinder head bolts (in sequence) 27-54-81, finally check once with a dedicated torque wrench (with electrical circuit); rocker shaft bolts 30; rocker cover oil baffle bolts: no torque applied, tighten until snug; intake manifold bolts (in sequence) 47-61-61 (front end corner small bolt 30); rocker cover bolts 5; spark plugs 27; flywheel bolts 81; oil pan drain plug 41; engine coolant outlet connector bolts 18; carburetor-to-engine assembly bolts 20; distributor-to-engine assembly clamp bolts 27; exhaust manifold bolts 27.
• Table 2 New parts used for each test (part name/part number/part category): bearing shell-camshaft bearing shell BN-330-2A CPD; connecting rod bearing shell, main bearing shell, main bearing cap bolts BX-338-1 CPD; cylinder head long bolts 25525953 CPD; cylinder head short bolts 25527831 CPD; camshaft thrust block bearing D-1; camshaft BX-8619 CP; engine timing gear chain 12537202 SPO; cylinder head BX-370-1 CP; EGR valve gasket 25536024 SPO; exhaust manifold gasket MS9051 SPO (the original text source-text extraction is “MS9051[unreadable suffix]”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); engine front cover gasket 25537228 SPO; engine oil pump cover gasket 25537229 SPO; oil filter gasket BX-303-1 NP; oil strainer gasket 24501259 SPO; oil pan gasket 25521994 SPO; cylinder head gasket 25525919 SPO; intake manifold gasket BX-3?-2 NP (the original text source-text extraction is “BX [unreadable separator];3〕)[unreadable separator]2”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); rocker cover gasket 25523348 SPO; camshaft timing gear 25523115 SPO; main shaft timing gear 25519954 SPO; oil filter BX-307-2 CP; piston rings BX-314-6 CP; piston BN-312-1 CP; left rocker arm 1241851 SPO; right rocker arm 1241850 SPO; main shaft rear seal BX-309-2 NP; main shaft front seal 1305044 NP; intake manifold front and rear seals BX-306-1 NP; intake valve seal 137-316-1 CP; spark plugs R427S SPO; oil pump pressure relief valve 25529875 SPO; valve spring rotator cap BX-305-1 CP; valve springs BN-308-1 CP; exhaust valves 25512098 SPO; intake valves 1261380 SPO; hydraulic tappets BX-302-1 CP; oil pump pressure relief valve spring 25529875 SPO; pushrods 25510025 SPO; thrust block lock nuts 90100A033 SPO; timing chain tensioner 25532546 SPO; timing chain tensioner spring 1358909 SPO.
• Table 3 Parts to replace when necessary: harmonic balancer BX-320-2 CPD; rocker shaft follower BX-317-2 CPD; rocker shaft BX-318-2 CPD; cylinder block BX-380-2 CPD; balancer bolt 25525918 CPD; intake manifold short bolt 25518193 CPD; intake manifold long bolt 25518194 CPD; intake manifold special bolt 25518190 CPD; engine front cover plate BX-325-1 CPD; main shaft BX-304-1 CPD; valve keeper 838029 SPO; connecting rod BX-326-1 CPD; camshaft thrust washer BX-118624-A3 SPO; camshaft thrust block screw BX-118635-A2 SPO; camshaft timing gear bolt 25536321 SPO; flywheel NP; gasket between carburetor and intake manifold SPO; ignition timing pointer CPD.

6. Recommended operating conditions

• Table 5 4h Break-in operation conditions:
  • 1 Stage: time 1h; speed 1500r/min±20; power 6.3kW±1.5; ignition angle 36°BTDC; air-fuel ratio 16.5±0.5; left exhaust back pressure 0.25kPa±0.17; right exhaust back pressure 0.25kPa±0.17; filter oil temperature 95.0℃±1.1; jacket coolant outlet temperature 95.0℃±3.0; breather coolant outlet temperature 40.0℃±2.0.
  • 2 Stage: time 2h; speed 2500r/min±20 (original source-text extraction is "250 )[unreadable sign]20", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); power 21.2kW±1.5; ignition angle 40°BTDC; air-fuel ratio 16.5±0.5; left exhaust back pressure 1.24kPa±0.37; right exhaust back pressure 1.24kPa±0.37; filter oil temperature 95.0℃±1.1; jacket coolant outlet temperature 95.0℃±3.0; breather coolant outlet temperature 40.0℃±2.0.
  • 3 Stage: time 3h; speed 3000r/min±20; power 31.8kW±1.5; ignition angle 40°BTDC; air-fuel ratio 16.5±0.5; left exhaust back pressure 2.49kPa±0.50; right exhaust back pressure 2.49kPa±0.50; filter oil temperature 110.0℃±1.1; jacket coolant outlet temperature 95.0℃±3.0; breather coolant outlet temperature 40.0℃±2.0.
  • 4 Stage: time 4h; speed 3000r/min±20; power 50.6kW±1.5; ignition angle 40°BTDC; air-fuel ratio 16.5±0.5; left exhaust back pressure 5.00kPa±0.75; right exhaust back pressure 5.00kPa±0.75; filter oil temperature 149.0℃±1.1; jacket coolant outlet temperature 115.0℃±2.0; breather coolant outlet temperature 40.0℃±2.0.
• Table 6 64h Formal test operating conditions:
  • Speed 3000r/min±20; power 50.6kW±1.5; filter oil temperature 149.0℃±1.1; oil pump outlet pressure 207kPa (original source-text extraction is "20 7 [unreadable character]", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); jacket coolant outlet temperature not provided in the available source (source-text extraction missing); jacket coolant inlet temperature 110.0℃±1.1; jacket coolant flow rate not provided in the available source (source-text extraction missing); rocker cover coolant outlet temperature not provided in the available source (source-text extraction missing); rocker cover coolant flow rate not provided in the available source (source-text extraction missing); breather coolant outlet temperature 40.0℃±1.1; breather coolant flow rate not provided in the available source (source-text extraction missing); air-fuel ratio 16.5±0.5; carburetor inlet air temperature 27.0℃±1.5; carburetor inlet air humidity 16.1℃±1.1 (original source-text extraction is "16.1[unreadable sign]Ll", unit suspected to be g/kg, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); carburetor inlet air pressure 0.050kPa±0.025; crankcase blow-by gas flow 45.3L/min±5.6; maximum average crankcase blow-by gas flow 42.4L/min; intake manifold vacuum pressure 27kPa±7; breather coolant pressure 27.6kPa±6.9; rocker cover coolant pressure 27.6kPa±6.9; left and right exhaust back pressure 5.0kPa±0.7; left and right exhaust back pressure difference 0.19kPa (original source-text extraction is "AN,0.19", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); exhaust manifold cooling water flow rate 7.6L/min±1.9.
• 12.12 10min Timing operation: 12.12.1 carburetor not connected to intake line; 12.12.2 start engine with external oil circulation pump open; 12.12.3 ignition voltage maintained at minimum 13V; 12.12.5 cooling jacket, rocker cover, intake manifold coolant and oil pan oil temperature controlled at 48.9℃±2.8℃, breather coolant outlet temperature 40.0℃±1.1℃; 12.12.6 no load, within 2min adjust speed to 1500r/min, ignition timing 36°BTDC; 12.12.7 remaining time control speed 1500r/min, power 6.34kW.
• 12.13 4h Break-in operation: 12.13.2 carburetor connected to intake line; 12.13.3 ignition voltage maintained at minimum 13V; 12.13.5 operate according to Table 5 operating conditions; 12.13.7 before each stage 15min measure air-fuel ratio and adjust to 16.5±0.5; 12.13.9 when the third stage starts with speed reaching 3000r/min, power 31.8kW, check and adjust ignition timing to 40°BTDC.
• 12.14 64h Formal test: 12.14.2 connect carburetor intake line; 12.14.3 ignition voltage maintained at minimum 13V; 12.14.4 proceed according to Table 6 conditions, from startup to control parameters reaching conditions and stabilizing should be within 15min～30min; 12.14.6 after the 1h, 17h, 33h, 49h and 64h, measure and record left and right exhaust air-fuel ratio after 30min, adjust to 16.5±0.5; 12.14.7 measure blow-by flow rate after the measured hour according to the method specified measurement time after 15min; 12.14.8 at the 1h and 33h measure air-fuel ratio while measuring the percentage content of NOx in the exhaust; 12.14.9 after the 32h ends stop the engine, check oil level and replace with new spark plugs, tighten exhaust bolts; 12.14.10 every 8h take analysis oil sample, adjust oil level, 64h at the end of the test record the time after adjusting oil level, from the completion of oil level adjustment within 4h disassemble the engine, take out scoring parts.
• 12.8.4 Test air-fuel ratio: 16.5±0.5.
• 12.9.3 Crankcase pressure: 0Pa±12Pa (original source-text extraction is "OPa[unreadable sign]12APa", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 12.9.4 Blow-by flow correction formula:
  • CFSx = 3.1002[P1·P2/(273.15+t)]^0.5 · P3 (original source-text extraction is "CFS,[unreadable symbol]3.1002[P, p,/(273.[garbled digits and sign]t}) P.", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
  • CFSx,b = 18.844[P1·P2/(459.67+t)]^0.5 · P3 (original source-text extraction is "CF;.,b = 18.844[ P;.B/(459.67[unreadable sign]:7.[0", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))

7. Sampling and specimen preparation

• 12.5 Sampling (see Appendix F): 12.5.1 before taking analysis oil sample at each stage, first take "dead zone" oil sample 473mL, then take the specified amount of analysis oil sample; 12.5.2 after 10min timing operation and at the end of 64h test take 237mL analysis oil sample; 12.5.3 after 4h break-in operation ends, after taking out 473mL "dead zone" oil sample add 473mL new oil, do not take analysis oil sample; 64h during the test take 59mL analysis oil sample every 8h.
• 12.6 Oil level measurement: 12.6.1 measure after taking out oil sample every 8h during 10min timing operation, 4h break-in operation and 64h formal test; 12.6.2 stop according to 12.4.2 for 25min to let oil flow back to oil pan; 12.6.3 after stopping, the external oil circulation pump continues to circulate for 10min, so that the oil pan oil temperature drops to 48.9℃±2.8℃; 12.6.4 within 10min of 12.6.3 add 473mL "dead zone" oil sample or 473mL new oil; 12.6.5 after the external oil circulation pump stops, within 15min maintain cooling jacket, rocker cover and intake manifold coolant temperature at 48.9℃±2.8℃; 12.6.6 after stopping, within 25min maintain breather coolant temperature at 40℃±2℃; 12.6.7 after stopping for 25min measure with dipstick; 12.6.8 use the oil level after 10min timing operation as the test full scale; 12.6.9 after 4h break-in operation and after every 8h during 64h formal test, use the taken out 473mL "dead zone" oil sample to adjust the oil level based on the full scale line.
• 12.7 Ethylene glycol contamination check: check ethylene glycol contamination of test oil at 0h, 40h and 64h during the test; 12.7.1 if 0h check is positive, then check new oil sample, if the new oil sample result is consistent with 0h oil sample result continue the test; 12.7.2 if any one of 0h, 40h or 64h oil sample check result is higher than new oil, stop the test; 12.7.3 record all oil check results contaminated by ethylene glycol.
• 12.15 Termination of test: 12.15.1 if the oil amount below the full scale line is 828mL, terminate the test; 12.15.2 do not terminate the test merely because the oil viscosity increase is too large; 12.15.3 after 64h test ends, after taking analysis oil sample and adjusting oil level, operate according to procedure (drain oil pan oil, drain breather cooling system coolant, drain engine/rocker cover/intake manifold cooling system coolant, immediately flush the engine external cooling system with 49℃ water until clean, finally after oil level measurement within 15min flush the oil external cooling system oil circuit according to 10.1.2, remove engine from bench, disassemble and take out scoring parts).

8. Analysis procedure

• 12.4 Engine start and stop procedure:
  • 12.4.1 Startup procedure: 12.4.1.1 Set the carburetor air-fuel ratio control output; the initial value is generally 65%; 12.4.1.2 Start the external engine oil circulation pump, open the fuel supply valve and ignition power, and open the exhaust manifold cooling water valve; 12.4.1.3 Each engine start lasts 5s; if it fails to start three times, the cause must be investigated; 12.4.1.4 During startup, slightly open the carburetor intake valve; it is prohibited to add fuel to the carburetor and intake manifold; 12.4.1.5 If startup fails, repeat 12.4.1.3 to 12.4.1.4; 12.4.1.6 10min After timed operation startup, check the engine oil pressure; if normal, proceed according to 12.12; 12.4.1.7 4h After running-in operation startup, check the engine oil pressure; if normal, proceed according to 12.13; 12.4.1.8 64h After formal test startup, check the engine oil pressure; if normal, within 2min adjust the speed and power to 1500r/min, 6.34kW, and operate according to 12.14.
  • 12.4.2 Shutdown procedure: 12.4.2.1 Within 30s reduce the speed and power to 1500r/min, 6.34kW, take a "dead zone" oil sample from the sampling valve, then take an analysis oil sample, and finally add new oil; 12.4.2.2 Close the carburetor fuel supply valve and wait for the fuel to burn out for natural shutdown; 12.4.2.3 After shutdown, turn off the ignition power, close the exhaust manifold cooling water valve, disconnect the carburetor gas supply line, take an analysis oil sample according to 12.5 and 12.6, and check and adjust the engine oil level height; 12.4.2.4 Any shutdown not specified by the procedure must have the reason and time recorded and be explained in the test report.
• 12.8 Air-fuel ratio measurement and control: 12.8.1 Use the Orsat analysis method (Orsat) or an electronic gas analyzer) to measure the volume percentage of CO2, CO and O2 in the exhaust gas; 12.8.2 Determine the air-fuel ratio according to the measurement results by consulting Appendix G; 12.8.3 If the air-fuel ratio is greater than 15:1, correct it using the formula: O2%(corrected)=O2%(measured)-0.5[CO%(measured)] (Formula 1); CO2%(corrected)=CO2%(measured)+CO%(measured) (Formula 2); according to the corrected values, consult Appendix G to determine the air-fuel ratio; the difference between the air-fuel ratios determined by the two gases should be ≤0.50; 12.8.4 Adjust the air-fuel ratio by changing the carburetor fuel oil output; the test air-fuel ratio is 16.5±0.5; 12.8.4.1 4h Before each stage of running-in operation, adjust and control the air-fuel ratio within 15min; 12.8.4.2 64h During the formal test, measure the air-fuel ratio according to the specified measurement times (see Appendix H).
• 12.9 Crankcase blowby flow measurement (see Appendix H): 12.9.1 Preparation (measure at the breather outlet, confirm that the oil dipstick insertion hole and oil filler opening are plugged, and connect the measuring instrument to the breather