SH/T 0761-2005 Diesel engine oil performance evaluation method (Mack T-9 method)

AI-translated method card — human verification pending. This is not an official translation of the standard. Unclear source values remain unverified; check the original standard and product certificate before use.

Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full name / English name / replacement relationship

• Standard number: SH/T 0761-2005
• Chinese name: Diesel engine oil performance evaluation method (Mack T-9 method)
• English name: Standard test method for evaluation of diesel engine oils in T-9 diesel engine
• Method abbreviation: Mack T-9 method (see 1.1)
• Replacement relationship: not provided in the available source (the foreword only states modified adoption of ASTM D6483-03, and does not mention replacement of an old version standard)
• Adoption relationship: modified adoption of ASTM D6483-03 "Standard Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Engine Oils Using T-9 Diesel Engine"
• Publication/implementation: published on 2005-04-11, implemented on 2005-09-01
• Issuing authority: National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China
• Technical committee: Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
• Drafting organization: Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
• Main drafters: Lu Wentong, Wang Qingxin, Li Shaoyu, Liu Shuntao, Yang Benfeng, Wei Rongtian

2. Scope of application and non-applicability

• 1.1 The test method in this standard is abbreviated as Mack T-9 method, and is used to evaluate the lead corrosion resistance and piston ring and cylinder liner wear resistance performance of diesel engine oils.
• 1.2 The numerical units in this standard use the SI International System of Units.
• 1.3 This standard involves certain hazardous materials, equipment, and operations, but does not provide recommendations for all related safety issues. Therefore, users must establish appropriate safety protection measures before using this standard (see Appendix E), and establish corresponding safe operating procedures.
• 5.2 This method can be used for specification certification of engine oils.
• Non-applicable scope: not provided in the available source.

3. Method principle

• 4.1 The test engine is a Mack E7-350 V-MAC I electronically controlled diesel engine. The break-in includes engine warm-up and 1h running-in. The formal test includes two stages; the I stage is operation of the engine at a speed of 1800r/min with load maintained stable for 75h; the II stage is operation of the engine at a speed of 1250r/min with load maintained stable for 425h.
• 4.2 During the test, oil samples are taken periodically and analyzed for viscosity increase and wear metal content.
• 4.3 Before each test, the engine is strictly reassembled according to regulations. After disassembling the power-producing part of the engine, it is cleaned with solvent, the parts are measured, and the engine is reassembled using new pistons, piston rings, cylinder liners, and connecting rod bearings.
• 4.4 Clean the engine crankcase with solvent and replace worn or defective parts.
• 4.5 The test bench must be equipped with suitable auxiliary equipment to control engine speed, load, and various engine operating conditions.
• 5.1 This method evaluates the anti-wear performance of lubricating oils for turbocharged intercooled, four-stroke diesel engines through oil sample analysis and part measurement before and after the test.

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• 7.1 Test oil: approximately 151L of test oil is required for each test.
• 7.2 Fuel: the test fuel is low-sulfur diesel, with recommended specifications in Table 1 (Table 1 is the T-9 low-sulfur fuel specification, including sulfur content, density, composition, cetane number, copper strip corrosion, flash point, cloud point, pour point, 10% distillation residue carbon residue, water and sediment, ash, kinematic viscosity, distillation range, and other indicators and test methods).
• 7.3 Engine coolant: use deionized water or distilled water with salt content less than 0.03g/L; it is permitted to add Pencool 3000 additive in the proportion recommended by the manufacturer.
• 7.4 Cleaning material: use 190 solvent naphtha meeting the GB 1922-80 standard to clean engine parts.
• 7.5 EF-411: a lubricant produced by Mobile Petroleum Company.
• Other reagents (pentane, Natural Orange solvent, walnut shell particles, etc.) are given in 10.1.2.1, 10.2.3.1, and 10.2.3.2.

5. Instruments and equipment

• 6.1.1 The test engine is an in-line six-cylinder, turbocharged, intercooled, open combustion chamber Mack E7-350 V-MAC I electronically controlled four-stroke diesel engine. Bore 124mm, stroke 165mm, displacement 12L, rated power at speed 1800r/min is 261kW.
• 6.1.2 The test laboratory should be clean and dust-free. It is recommended to perform air filtration in the engine installation room and control temperature and humidity.
• 6.2.1 Engine: engine parts are supplied as a complete set and used as a complete set, see Appendix C.
• 6.2.2 Engine cooling system: use a new Mack coolant filter for each test; the external cooling system is a pressurized closed system, composed of a heat exchanger (non-ferrous exchanger core), coolant tank, and outlet water temperature control valve, etc.; during the test, the cooling system pressure is 103kPa; a sight glass is installed between the engine and the coolant tank; the thermostat is in the fully open state.
• 6.2.3 Engine oil system: schematic diagram see Figure B.1 in Appendix B; the inner diameters of the return oil pipe and oil extraction pipe are 10mm and 13mm respectively, and the inner diameter of the pipeline directly connecting the oil pan and the weighing tank is not less than 13mm.
• 6.2.4 Auxiliary oil system: volume 9.5L closed weighing tank, auxiliary oil pump flow rate 5.7L/min±1.9L/min; schematic diagram see Figure B.2 in Appendix B.
• 6.2.5 Blow-by measurement system: use an exhaust-type blow-by meter or equipment with equivalent function; the crankcase blow-by pipe should slope downward into a condensate collection bucket, with a minimum volume of 18.9L, and the blow-by meter is installed after the collection bucket.
• 6.2.6 Intake system: use a Mack air filter; when the pressure difference before and after the filter reaches 2.5kPa, the filter element must be replaced; install a regulating valve to maintain intake pressure; use a Modine intercooler to control intake manifold temperature, schematic diagram see Figure B.3 in Appendix B.
• 6.2.7 Fuel system: fuel requires heating and cooling control; recommended system schematic diagram see Figure B.4 in Appendix B.
• 8.6 Measurement equipment: thermocouples, pressure gauges, speed and fuel flow measurement equipment, etc. (calibration requirements see 8.6.1); temperature measurement system calibration requirements see 8.6.2; pressure measurement see 8.6.3; crankcase blow-by measurement see 8.6.4; fuel flow measurement see 8.6.5; humidity measurement see 8.6.6.
• 8.7 System time response: the maximum allowable system time response of the instrument control and measurement system is shown in Table 2 (speed 2.0s, temperature 3.0s, pressure 3.0s, flow pending).
• 10.1.2.2 Balance: accuracy 1mg.
• 10.1.3.3 Balance: accuracy 1mg (original text is "lung", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• Appendix D: use a Micmanalyzer 2001 profilometer manufactured by American Precision Instruments Company to measure cylinder liner wear.
• Appendix G: thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA).

6. Recommended operating conditions

• Formal test conditions are shown in Table 4:
  • Test time: I stage 75h, II stage 425h
  • Injection advance angle (°BTDC): adjustable in I stage, 24 in II stage
  • Engine speed: I stage 1800r/min±5, II stage 1250r/min±5
  • Fuel flow: I stage 63.3kg/h±0.6, II stage 55.0kg/h±0.5
  • Intake manifold temperature: I stage 43℃± (original text unclear, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), II stage 43℃± (original text unclear, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
  • Coolant outlet temperature: 85℃±3 (both stages)
  • Fuel inlet temperature: 40℃±1 (both stages)
  • Intake air temperature: 25℃±3 (both stages)
  • Intake pressure: 2.50kPa±0.25 (both stages)
  • Exhaust back pressure: 3.1kPa±0.4 (both stages)
  • Coolant system pressure: 103kPa±6 (both stages)
  • Non-controlled parameters: engine torque, exhaust manifold temperature, exhaust tailpipe temperature, intake manifold pressure, crankcase pressure, main oil gallery oil temperature, main oil gallery oil pressure, intercooler pressure difference, oil filter pressure difference change, etc. (specific ranges see Table 4)
• Break-in test conditions are shown in Table 3: time 30min, engine speed 1250r/min, engine torque 1731N·m (I stage)/1384N·m (II stage) (original Table 3 format is disordered, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 9.2 Engine start: speed 1000r/min~1400r/min, 20%~30% load, oil pan oil temperature reaches 66℃~77℃.
• 9.4.1 Engine shutdown: speed 1000r/min~1400r/min, no-load operation for 10min, then cut off fuel.
• 9.5.1.2 Valve clearance adjustment: may be adjusted at 125h±8h, 250h±8h, and 375h±8h (50h±8h, 175h±8h, and 300h±8h of the II stage).
• 9.9.1 Measure and record each test parameter every 6min; the minimum measurement accuracy of parameters is shown in Table 5.

7. Sampling and specimen preparation

• 9.6 Periodic oil sampling and oil replenishment:
  • 9.6.1 After operating for 1h in the I stage, determine the initial full scale of the oil according to the oil mass in the oil weighing tank.
  • 9.6.2 After operating for 1h in the II stage, re-determine the initial full scale of the oil according to the oil mass in the oil weighing tank.
  • 9.6.3 At test 25h, 75h, 425h, and 475h, only sample without adding oil, where 25h and 75h take 118mL, and 425h and 475h take 30mL. Before each sampling, first drain 473mL of dead-zone oil, and after sampling add the dead-zone oil back into the engine.
  • 9.6.4 At test 50h, 100h, 150h, 200h, 250h, 300h, 350h, 400h, 450h, and 500h, both sample and add oil. Before each sampling, first drain 473mL of dead-zone oil; after taking the 118mL oil sample, add the dead-zone oil back into the engine. Then first drain oil to 2.27kg below the initial full scale of each stage, and then add 2.27kg of new oil.
• 9.8 Fuel sampling: at the start and end of the test, take 0.95L of fuel each time as the analytical oil sample.
• 10.1.2.1 Before weighing piston rings: clean with solvent naphtha, blow dry with compressed air, and wash with pentane.
• 10.1.3.1~10.1.3.2 Before weighing connecting rod bearings: mark the bearing number, clean with solvent naphtha, blow dry with compressed air, and wash with pentane.
• 10.2.3.1–10.2.3.3 After-test piston rings: remove carbon deposits using walnut shell granules in a sandblasting device; mix 2500mL water and 50mL Natural Orange solvent, ultrasonically clean 15min (if necessary, clean again 5min–10min); rinse with hot water, clean with solvent naphtha, blow dry with compressed air, and wash with pentane.
• 10.2.4.1 After-test connecting rod bearings: clean with solvent naphtha, blow dry with compressed air, and wash with pentane.
• Appendix G G.1.1 Oil sample preparation: take 113g analytical oil sample, oscillate 5min, take 20mg analytical oil sample and place it on the thermogravimetric analyzer sample pan; the sampling time must not exceed 2min.

8. Analysis procedure

• 9.1 Test oil addition: the engine initial oil fill quantity is 39.2kg, of which the oil pan is about 22.9kg, the oil filter is about 3.3kg, the oil cooler is about 1.6kg, and the oil weighing tank and lines are about 11.4kg. First add 3.3kg to the oil filters (add half to each), then turn on the auxiliary oil pump, and the remaining 35.9kg test oil is added directly through the engine oil filler pipe.
• 9.2 Engine start: first operate the engine at speed 1000r/min~1400r/min and load condition 20%~30%, so that the oil pan oil temperature reaches 66℃~77℃; the start time is not counted in the test time. Note: before starting the engine, manually turn the engine to fill the oil galleries with oil.
• 9.3 Engine trial run: carry out the trial run according to the conditions in Table 3; after the trial run, drain the test oil completely, replace all oil filters, add test oil again according to 9.1, and carry out the formal test according to 9.5.
• 9.4 Engine shutdown: before each shutdown, first operate the engine at 1000r/min~1400r/min and no-load condition for 10min, then cut off the fuel. Shutdown time is not counted in the test time. A test in which the number of shutdowns exceeds 15 times or the shutdown time exceeds 200h is an invalid test.
• 9.5 Formal test: Stage I 1800r/min, maximum power operation 75h; Stage II 1250r/min, maximum torque steady operation 425h. In Stage I, adjust the injection advance angle by analyzing the soot content of the oil sample, so that the oil soot content at 75h is between 1.5%~2.0%. Refer to Appendix F to determine the operational validity of the test.
• 9.7 Oil consumption rate calculation: record the oil mass once every 1h, and calculate the oil consumption rate after the test. During the first 50h the oil weighing system is not stable; use the average oil consumption rate of 9 50h test cycles from 51h to 500h as the oil consumption rate for the entire test.
• 9.9 Periodic measurement: according to clause 9.9.2, measure and record each test parameter every 6min (a total of 22 parameters, see 9.9.2.1~9.9.2.22).
• 9.10 Blowby: measure and record the blowby amount at least once every 8h.
• 9.11 Centrifugal oil filter element weight gain: weigh and record before the test; after the test, remove it, invert it to drain oil for 30min, then weigh and record, and calculate the weight gain.
• 9.12 Calculation of oil filter pressure difference change ΔP: calculate according to formula (2).
• 10.1 Engine measurements before the test: pistons are not measured; piston rings are weighed (first ring, second ring and oil ring, precision 1mg); connecting rod bearings are weighed (precision 1mg).
• 10.2 Engine measurements after the test: pistons are not measured; cylinder liner wear measurement (see Appendix D); piston rings are weighed; connecting rod bearings are weighed.
• 10.3 Test oil analysis: soot content analysis uses the thermogravimetric analysis method (TGA, see Appendix G); kinematic viscosity analysis uses GB/T 11137; total base number analysis uses SH/T 0251; total acid number analysis uses GB/T 7304; elemental content analysis uses GB/T 17476.
• 10.4 Fuel analysis: take 0.95L fuel before the start and after the end of the test for density and sulfur content analysis.
• Appendix G Soot thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) procedure: G.1.2 analysis process (nitrogen/oxygen purge, heating program: 50℃→550℃→650℃→750℃); G.2 soot calculation: the difference between the mass after stabilization at 650℃ and the mass after stabilization at 750℃ is the soot content.

9. Qualitative and quantitative and calculation formulas

• 9.7.3 Oil consumption rate calculation formula (1): Oil consumption rate (g/kW·h) = (FW - W) / (P × 50) Where: FW— the recorded value of the oil weighing system after sampling and refueling in the previous 50h test cycle, g; W— the recorded value of the oil weighing system before sampling and refueling in this test cycle, g; P— engine power, kW.
• 9.12 Oil filter pressure difference change ΔP calculation formula (2): ΔP = ΔP maximum - ΔP initial Where: ΔP maximum—the maximum pressure difference across the oil filter, kPa; ΔP initial—the pressure difference across the oil filter at the start of the test, kPa.
• 11.2.3.4 Correction formula for average cylinder liner wear (3): ALW = ALACLW + 10.46(1.75 - SOOTAVG) Where: ALW— the corrected average cylinder liner wear, μm; ALACLW— the average cylinder liner wear after excluding invalid cylinder liners, μm; SOOTAVG—75h~500h the arithmetic mean of the measured soot content values of 10 oil samples.
• 11.2.4.3 Lead change correction formula (4): ΔPb = (Pb500 - Pb new) × (OABWLU / ABWLU) Where: Pb500— the Pb content in the 500h oil sample, μg; Pb new—the Pb content in the new oil sample, μg; OABWLU— the average weight loss of connecting rod upper bearings after excluding upper bearings with weight loss exceeding the limit, mg; ABWLU— the average weight loss of all connecting rod upper bearings, mg.
• 11.2.1 Evaluation items: average first ring weight loss (mg), corrected average cylinder liner wear (μm), and corrected test oil lead content change ΔPb(μg).
• 11.2.2 Calculation of average first ring weight loss: check whether the first ring has spalling; a first ring with spalling cannot be used for calculation; use the ASTM E 178 method (95% confidence level) to determine rings with weight loss exceeding the limit; remove spalled rings and rings with weight loss exceeding the limit, and calculate the average weight loss of the remaining rings; calculating the average first ring weight loss requires at least three rings; if more than two rings are spalled, the test is invalid.
• 11.2.3 Calculation and correction of average cylinder liner wear: the cylinder liner corresponding to a spalled first ring cannot be used for calculation; use the ASTM E 178 method (95% confidence level) to determine cylinder liners with wear exceeding the limit; use all cylinder liners whose wear values do not exceed the limit and whose corresponding first ring has not spalled to calculate the average cylinder liner wear; calculating the average cylinder liner wear requires at least four cylinder liners; if, due to first ring spalling, fewer than four cylinder liners are used for calculation, the test is invalid; if there are exactly four, then cylinder liners with wear exceeding the limit are no longer excluded.
• 11.2.4 Calculation and correction of test oil lead content change ΔPb: first calculate the average weight loss of connecting rod upper bearings; use the ASTM E 178 method (95% confidence level) to determine connecting rod upper bearings with weight loss exceeding the limit; correct according to formula (4).
• Appendix G G.2 Soot calculation: the difference between the mass after stabilization at 650℃ and the mass after stabilization at 750℃ is the soot content in the sample. The soot content divided by the mass of the analytical oil sample is the soot percentage content in the oil, accurate to 0.1% (mass fraction).

10. Precision

• 13.1 Precision: judge the reliability of test results according to the following provisions (95% confidence level).
• 13.1.1 Repeatability (r): the difference between two test results obtained by the same operator using the same test bench on the same oil in continuous determinations shall not exceed the value specified in Table 7.
• 13.1.2 Reproducibility (R): the difference between two test results obtained by different operators in different laboratories using different test benches on the same oil shall not exceed the value specified in Table 7.
• Table 7 Precision:
  • Corrected average cylinder liner wear/μm: repeatability 5.96, reproducibility 6.58 (original numerical format requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
  • Average first ring weight loss/mg: repeatability 90. intestine (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), reproducibility 80.36
  • Square root of corrected test oil lead content change: repeatability 3.226, reproducibility (not provided in the available source)

11. Report

• 12 Test report: for the test report format, see Appendix A.
• Appendix A (informative appendix) Diesel engine oil performance evaluation test report (Mack T-9 method): includes information such as submitting unit, oil sample name, test number, test date, test method, test time, fuel oil, test unit; 1. Summary of test results (main test items: average soot content (TGA) at 75h, average soot content (TGA)75h–500h, average oil consumption, oil filter pressure difference change ΔP, centrifugal oil filter element weight gain, total base number after test; evaluation items: corrected test oil lead content change ΔPb, corrected average cylinder liner wear, average first ring weight loss); attachments 1–7 (connecting rod bearing weight loss, piston ring weight loss, summary of test oil analysis results, summary of cylinder liner wear, fuel analysis, unplanned shutdown and maintenance records, summary of test operating conditions).

12. Referenced documents

• GB/T 261 Petroleum products determination of flash point (closed cup method) (GB/T 261-83(91), eqv ISO 2719:1973)
• GB/T 265 Petroleum products determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity
• GB/T 268 Petroleum products determination of carbon residue (Conradson method) (GB/T 268-1987, eqv ISO 6615:1983)
• GB/T 386 Determination of ignition quality of diesel fuel (cetane number method)
• GB/T 508 Petroleum products — Determination of ash (GB/T 508-1985(91), eqv ISO 6245:1982)
• GB 1922 Solvent naphtha
• GB/T 3535 Petroleum — Determination of pour point (GB/T 3535-83(91), eqv ISO 3016:1974)
• GB/T 5096 Petroleum products — Copper strip corrosion test
• GB/T 6536 Petroleum products — Determination of distillation
• GB/T 6986 Petroleum — Determination of cloud point (GB/T 6986-86(91), eqv ISO 3015:1974)
• GB/T 7304 Petroleum products and lubricants — Determination of acid number (potentiometric titration method)
• GB/T 11137 Dark petroleum products — Determination of kinematic viscosity (reverse-flow method) and calculation of dynamic viscosity
• GB/T 11140 Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content (X ray spectrometric method)
• GB/T 17476 Used lubricating oils — Determination of additive elements, wear metals and contaminants, and certain elements in base oils (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry)
• SH/T 0064 Distillate fuels — Test method for free water and particulate contaminants
• SH/T 0604 Crude petroleum and petroleum products — Determination of density (U type oscillating tube method)
• SH/T 0606 Middle distillates — Determination of hydrocarbon types (mass spectrometry)
• SH/T 0251 Petroleum products — Determination of base number (perchloric acid potentiometric titration method)
• ASTM E 178 Treatment of outlying test data
• ASTM D6483-03 Standard test method for evaluating diesel engine oils using the T-9 diesel engine (modified adoption)

13. Source and verification

This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.

14. Quick-reference questions and answers