SH/T 0765-2005 Diesel fuel lubricity by high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR)

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Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full title / English title / replacement relationship

• Standard number: SH/T 0765—2005
• Chinese title: Diesel fuel lubricity evaluation method (high-frequency reciprocating rig method)
• English title: Diesel fuel—Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR)
• Adoption relationship: Modified adoption of ISO 12156-1:1997 "Evaluating the lubricity of diesel fuel by high-frequency reciprocating rig — Part one: Test method" (MOD)
• Replacement relationship: not provided in the available source (the foreword states "this standard is first published")
• Publication/implementation: published on 2005-04-11, implemented on 2005-09-01
• Proposing/administrating/drafting: proposed by China Petrochemical Corporation; administrated by the Petrochemical Research Institute of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation; drafting organization is the Petrochemical Research Institute of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation; main drafters Zhou Qiu, Qi Ming, Song Haiqing, Zhang Jiancai (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))

2. Scope of application and non-applicability

• 1.1 This standard specifies a test method for evaluating the lubricity of diesel fuels (including those containing lubricity additives) using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR).
• 1.2 This method is applicable to diesel engine fuels.
• Note: It is not yet known whether this test method can predict the performance of all additive-containing fuel products. Correlation work is in progress, and once this work is completed, this standard will need to be revised.
• Non-applicable scope: not explicitly listed in the available source.

3. Method principle

The test sample is placed in an oil bath at a given temperature, a steel ball fixed in a vertical fixture loads a horizontally mounted steel plate, the steel ball reciprocates at a set frequency and stroke, and the contact interface between the ball and plate shall be completely immersed in the sample. The materials of the ball and plate, test temperature, load, frequency and stroke are all fixed. According to the test environment (temperature and humidity), the wear scar diameter of the steel ball is corrected to the value under standard conditions, and the lubricity of the test sample is expressed by the corrected wear scar diameter.

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• 5.1 Compressed air: used to blow-dry equipment parts.
• 5.2 Toluene: conforms to GB/T 684.
• 5.3 Acetone: conforms to GB/T 686.
• 5.4 Reference oils: two reference oils are used to check the performance of the test equipment. These two reference oils shall have a significant difference in lubricity when tested by this standard, and shall also have qualified measured HFRR values and corresponding humidity correction coefficients (HCF). Express the HFRR value of the reference oil in micrometers (WS1.4) and its expanded uncertainty, and express the humidity correction coefficient with pm/kPa (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): the unit symbol is suspected to be μm/kPa). When these two reference oils are tested by this standard, the minimum difference in HFRR values shall be 200ym (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be 200 μm).
  • Note: ISO PAR M is manufactured by the U.S. Exxon Chemical Company and is used by CEC as reference oil RF-74-T-95; this oil is suitable as a low-lubricity reference oil.
  • Fuel that can be used for Caterpillar IH or IG single-cylinder tests, fuel conforming to ISO 4113:1998 (calibration fluid for road vehicle diesel injectors), or CEC reference oil RF-90-A-92 are all suitable as high-lubricity reference oils.
  • This part is provided for the convenience of users of this standard; the naming of its products has not been certified by ISO. Similar products may also be used if they meet the requirements.
  • Reference oils need to be sealed and refrigerated (4℃±2°) (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): the original text is "4C+2°").

5. Apparatus and equipment

• 6.1 Test apparatus: capable of loading a fixed steel plate with a steel ball under an applied load and reciprocating at a fixed frequency and stroke, with the contact surface of the ball and plate completely immersed in the oil bath; the test conditions are shown in Table 1. The specimen oil bath can fix the test plate and can add the test sample; its temperature, which is also the temperature of the test sample therein, is achieved by an electrically controlled heating jacket tightly connected to the oil bath. In order to control different parameters, the control unit of the instrument shall have electronic data acquisition and storage functions.
  • Figure 1 Composition: 1— oil bath; 2— test ball; 3— applied load; 4— test plate; 5— heating bath; 6— vibrator.
• 6.2 Test plate: machined from annealed AISI E-52100 steel rod to have a Vickers hardness "HV30" of 190~210 (according to ISO 6507-1), and ground and polished to a surface roughness Ra<0.02pm (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be Ra<0.02 μm). Similar test plates may also be used if verified against reference oils to meet the requirements.
• 6.3 Test ball: diameter 6mm, material AISI E-52100 steel, ANSI B3.12 (metal ball) 28 grade, shall achieve a Rockwell hardness HRC of 58~66 (according to ISO 6508), surface roughness Ra<0.05pm (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be Ra<0.05 μm). Similar test balls may also be used if verified against reference oils to meet the requirements.
• 6.4 Microscope or similar imaging device: capable of magnification of 100 times and accurate to 1ym (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be 1 μm).
• 6.5 Desiccator: used to store test plates, balls and metal parts, and shall be equipped with desiccant.
• 6.6 Cleaning tank: an ultrasonic seamless stainless steel cleaning tank with sufficient volume and cleaning power of 40W or greater.
• 6.7 Sampling container: use steel lined with epoxy resin; similar sampling containers may also be used if they meet the requirements.
• 6.8 Timer: use a timepiece capable of measuring accurately to 75min±0.1min.

6. Recommended operating conditions

Table 1 Test conditions:

• Table 1 footnote a: The temperature and humidity of the test environment shall be measured within the range of 0.1m~0.5m from the test specimen and controlled within the allowable range shown in Figure 2.
• Table 1 footnote b: The total applied load includes the weight of the fixed parts.
• Figure 2 Allowable range of the test environment: the horizontal axis is air temperature/℃ (17–27), the vertical axis is relative humidity/% (10–100), and the figure is marked with "too humid", "allowable range" and "too dry" regions (the specific boundary values are represented graphically in the original text and no readable values are given).

7. Sampling and specimen preparation

• 6.7 Sampling container: use steel lined with epoxy resin; similar sampling containers may also be used if they meet the requirements.
• 7.1.1 Test plates and test balls: using clean tweezers, place some test plates (polished side up) and test balls into a clean wide-mouth glass bottle, immerse in toluene, soak for at least 12h, then place the wide-mouth bottle in an ultrasonic cleaning tank and clean for 10min. Transfer the test plates (polished side up) and test balls together into a wide-mouth bottle containing fresh toluene.
• 7.1.2 Metal parts: place the fixture, screws, and all metal parts and vessels that can contact the test sample, together with the test plates and test balls cleaned according to 7.1.1, into a clean glass beaker, immerse in toluene, place the beaker in an ultrasonic cleaning tank and clean for 10min, then using clean tweezers, place the metal parts and test specimens into a beaker containing acetone, place it in an ultrasonic cleaning tank, and clean for 2min. Remove the parts; if they are not to be used immediately, store them in a desiccator.
• 8.5 Using a disposable pipette, add 2mL of the test oil sample to the lower specimen holder.

8. Analytical procedure

• 8.1 Strictly follow the cleaning requirements and specified cleaning procedure; during disassembly and assembly, use clean tweezers to prevent the cleaned test parts (plates, balls, specimen holder) from being contaminated, and do not scratch the test specimens.
• 8.2 Using tweezers, place the test plate into the lower specimen holder with the polished side up, then secure it to the lower specimen holder, and then secure the lower specimen holder to the testing machine. Insert the thermocouple into the measuring hole of the lower specimen holder.
• 8.3 Using tweezers, place the test ball into the upper specimen holder, then secure it to the upper specimen holder, and then secure the upper specimen holder to the end of the vibrating arm. Before fully tightening this component, ensure that the fixture is level.
• 8.4 Within the range of 0.1m~0.5m from the lower specimen holder, measure the air temperature and relative humidity. If the measured values do not meet the requirements of Figure 2, appropriate measures shall be taken to change the humidity before conducting the test. Record the air temperature and relative humidity values.
• 8.5 Using a disposable pipette, add 2mL of the test oil sample to the lower specimen holder.
• 8.6 Lower the vibrating arm and hang a 200g weight on the vibrating arm, ensuring that the load and the hanging rope hang freely.
• 8.7 Turn the temperature control knob to the required temperature, set the stroke and frequency, and start the test.
• 8.8 Run the test for 75min. At the end of the test, turn off the vibrator and heater. Within the range of 0.1m~0.5m from the lower specimen holder, measure the air temperature and relative humidity. For the test to be valid, these measured values shall meet the requirements of Figure 2. Record the air temperature and relative humidity values.
• 8.9 Remove the hanging weight, lift the vibrating arm, and take out the upper specimen holder.
• 8.10 Rinse the ball holder with toluene and acetone respectively, then place it in a beaker containing fresh toluene, place the beaker in an ultrasonic cleaning tank and clean for 30s.
• 8.11 Transfer the ball holder to a beaker containing fresh acetone, place the beaker in an ultrasonic cleaning tank and clean for 30s. After blow-drying with air, use a permanent marker pen to circle the wear scar on the ball.
• 8.12 Remove the lower specimen holder, pour out the test oil, and if there are particles, record them. Do not remove the test piece from the lower specimen holder; rinse separately with toluene and acetone, then place in a beaker containing fresh toluene, and then place the beaker in an ultrasonic cleaning bath for cleaning 30s.
• 8.13 Transfer the lower specimen holder to a beaker containing fresh acetone, and place the beaker in an ultrasonic cleaning bath for cleaning 30s. After drying with air, remove the test piece from the holder, place it in a storage bag (plastic bag), and mark it with a unique test number.
• 8.14 Place the test ball from the holder under a microscope, and measure the wear scar diameter according to Chapter 9.
• 8.15 Once the wear scar measurement is completed, remove the test ball from the holder and store it together with the test piece.

Preparation and calibration (Chapter 7):

• 7.2.1 Temperature: Use a calibrated temperature measuring device to check the temperature control system in the specimen oil bath.
• 7.2.2 Frequency: Use a calibrated frequency meter to check the frequency of the oscillator.
• 7.2.3 Stroke: Use a calibrated microscope to check the stroke by measuring the length of the wear scar on the test piece after testing with a low-lubricity reference oil. The actual stroke is obtained by subtracting the average width of the wear scar from the length of the wear scar.
• 7.2.4 Running time: Use a calibrated timer to check the running time.
• 7.2.5 Test machine performance: The performance of the instrument is checked by conducting one test with each of two reference oils (as described in Chapter 7, Chapter 8, and Chapter 9), and the value of WS1.4 shall be calculated using the humidity correction coefficient value of the corresponding reference oil. If the WS1.4 of the corresponding reference oil exceeds the specified range, two more tests shall be conducted; if one of these two tests exceeds the range, the instrument and stroke must be inspected (7.2.1~7.2.4). If the test result of the low-lubricity reference oil is too low, the reference oil needs to be replaced. After every 25 tests or every 10 days of testing, a check test with reference oil shall be conducted, whichever time interval is shorter.

Measurement of wear scar (Chapter 9):

• 9.1 Turn on the light source of the microscope, and place the test ball under the microscope at a magnification of 100 times.
• 9.2 Focus the microscope so that the wear scar on the test ball is in the center of the field of view. Adjust the illumination until the edges of the wear scar are clearly visible. Refer to Appendix A.
• 9.3 Measure the wear scar diameter in two directions, x and y, to an accuracy of 1pm (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be 1 μm), and record these two data. If the difference between the measured wear scar values X and Y (X-Y) exceeds the range of -30ym~+100um (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be -30 μm~+100 μm), the confirmed wear scar boundary needs to be checked.
• 9.4 Record the condition of the worn surface, including the color of wear debris, abnormal particles or wear types, and obvious scratches, etc.

9. Qualitative and Quantitative and Calculation Formulas

• 10.1 Uncorrected average wear scar diameter (MWSD)
  • MWSD = (X + Y)/2
  • Where: X— wear scar dimension perpendicular to the direction of motion, pm (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be μm); Y— wear scar dimension parallel to the direction of motion, Im (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be μm).
• 10.2 Initial absolute vapor pressure (AVP1)
  • Calculate the initial absolute vapor pressure according to formula (2), kPa.
  • Where: RH1— relative humidity at the start of the test, %; T1— air temperature at the start of the test, ℃.
  • The calculation formula given in the original text (source-text extraction): 1705.984 = 8.017352 - 231.864 + T (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): formula incomplete, suspected to be in the form of V=8.017352-1705.984/(231.864+T), cannot be confirmed).
• 10.3 Final absolute vapor pressure (AVP2)
  • Calculate the final absolute vapor pressure according to formula (3), kPa.
  • Where: RH2— relative humidity at the end of the test, %; T2— air temperature at the end of the test, ℃.
  • The calculation formula given in the original text (source-text extraction): V=8.017332-231.864+T2 (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): formula incomplete, suspected to be in the form of V=8.017332-1705.984/(231.864+T2), cannot be confirmed).
• 10.4 Average absolute vapor pressure (AVP)
  • AVP = AIPL, AP2 (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be AVP=(AVP1+AVP2)/2)
• 10.5 Corrected wear scar diameter (WS1.4)
  • WS1.4 = MWSD + HCF (1.4 - AVP)
  • Where: the HCF (humidity correction coefficient) of the unknown diesel sample is 60ym/kPa (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be 60 μm/kPa).

10. Precision

The reliability of test results shall be judged according to the following provisions (95% confidence level). The precision is obtained using diesel with an average wear scar diameter of 360yum–600ym (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be 360 μm–600 μm).

• 12.1 Repeatability: The difference between two repeat test results obtained by the same operator, using the same instrument, on the same test material, under constant operating conditions, and following the specified correct method, shall not exceed 63um (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be 63 μm).
• 12.2 Reproducibility: The difference between two independent test results obtained by different operators in different laboratories on the same test material shall not exceed 102pm (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be 102 μm).
• 12.3 Bias: This test method has no bias, because the evaluation of lubricating performance is determined according to a test method.

11. Report

The test report shall include:

• a) A brief description of the test sample.
• b) The wear scar dimensions in the x and y directions and the uncorrected average wear scar diameter (MWSD), to an accuracy of 1um (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be 1 μm).
• c) Air temperature and relative humidity at the start and end of the test.
• d) Calculate the average absolute vapor pressure (AVP).
• e) Corrected wear scar diameter (WS1.4), to an accuracy of 1pm (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction): suspected to be 1 μm).
• f) Description of the wear scar surface condition.
• g) Test piece number.
• h) Date of the most recent test with reference oil and test data.
• i) Test date.

12. Referenced Documents

• GB/T 684 Chemical reagent Toluene
• GB/T 686 Chemical reagent Acetone
• ISO 4113:1998 Calibration fluid for diesel injectors of road vehicles
• ISO 6507-1 Metallic materials—Vickers hardness test—Part one: Test method
• ISO 6508 Metallic materials—Hardness test—Rockwell hardness test (scale A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-K)
• AISI E-52100 Chromium alloy steel
• ANSI B3.12 Metal balls
• Appendix A (Informative appendix) HFRR Measurement of wear scar

13. Source and verification

This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.

14. Quick Reference for Questions and Answers