SH/T 0777-2005 Test method for rheological properties of asphalt (DSR method)

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Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full name / English name / replacement relationship

• Standard number: SH/T 0777—2005
• Chinese name: Test method for rheological properties of asphalt (DSR method)
• English name: Determining the rheological properties of asphalt bindder using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) (original text as such, suspected to be a spelling of binder, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
• Replacement relationship: This standard is first published (original text: This standard is first published).
• Adoption relationship: Modified adoption of AASHTO T 315-02 "Standard Test Method for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR)" (English version), redrafted according to AASHTO T 315-02.
• Publication/implementation: published on 2005-11-28, implemented on 2006-06-01.
• Proposed by/technical committee/drafting: proposed by China Petrochemical Corporation; technical committee: Heavy Oil Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (East China); drafting organizations: Heavy Oil Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (East China), Wuhan University of Technology; main drafters: Zhang Xiaoying, Zhang Yonghe, Wu Shaopeng, Yu Jianying.

2. Scope of application and non-applicability

• 1.1 is used to measure the dynamic shear modulus and phase angle of asphalt. The measurement range of asphalt dynamic shear modulus is 10⁻⁴ MPa–10 MPa (original text source-text extraction writes "10-*MPa–10MPa", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), and the applicable temperature range is usually between 5~85 ℃. It can determine the linear viscoelastic properties of asphalt within the specification test, but cannot obtain all linear viscoelastic properties of asphalt.
• 1.2 is applicable to unaged asphalt, or aged asphalt obtained according to SH/T 0736 Test method for asphalt rotating thin film oven, SH/T 0774—2005 Test method for accelerated aging of asphalt (PAV method).
• For asphalt containing particles, 1.3 is only suitable for asphalt with particle size less than 250 μm.
• 1.4 This standard does not involve safety regulations related to use, and users of the standard are responsible for establishing appropriate safety application procedures before use.
• Not applicable: cannot obtain all linear viscoelastic properties of asphalt (1.1); asphalt containing particles with size not less than 250 μm is not applicable (1.3).

3. Method principle

• 4.1 uses a dynamic shear rheometer and parallel plate fixture to measure the complex shear modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) of asphalt (original text source-text extraction writes "[garbled phase-angle wording]", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 4.2 is applicable to dynamic shear modulus of 10⁻⁴ MPa~10 MPa, temperature range usually at 5 ℃~85 ℃, and the measured value depends on the asphalt test temperature and other conditions of the asphalt (such as aging).
• 4.3 prepares a test sample with diameter 25 mm and thickness 1 mm (original text source-text extraction writes "[garbled thickness wording] bom", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) or diameter 8 mm and thickness 2 mm between parallel metal plates; applies an oscillatory rotational deformation amplitude (or torque amplitude), with one plate oscillating relative to the other; the selected amplitude should ensure measurement is performed in the linear viscoelastic region.
• 4.4 maintains the fluctuation of specimen temperature within ±0.1 ℃ through heating and cooling of the upper and lower plates (original text source-text extraction writes "within +0.J [incomplete tolerance]", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 4.5 sine wave loading oscillation frequency from 1 rad/s to 100 rad/s, this standard recommends a frequency of 10 rad/s; the calculation of complex shear modulus G* and phase angle (δ) is automatically completed by the configured software.
• 5 complex shear modulus characterizes the stiffness or deformation resistance of asphalt under load; complex shear modulus, phase angle, and loss shear modulus are measures of energy consumed in each load cycle.

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• No clauses on reagent purity, solution preparation, etc. are provided in the available source.
• Related materials: asphalt sample (unaged asphalt, RTFOT residue, PAV residue); silicone rubber mold (6.2, optional); petroleum jelly (9.2.2.1, apply a thin layer to ensure good thermal conductivity); reference liquid (9.5, having viscoelasticity similar to asphalt, with its modulus and phase angle within the measurement range of this standard).
• Cleaning/trimming materials: scraper (6.3); specimen trimmer (10.3.1).

5. Instruments and equipment

• 6.1 Dynamic shear rheometer test system: composed of parallel metal plates, environmental chamber, loading device, control and data acquisition system.
• 6.1.1 Two specifications of smooth-surfaced metal plates: one with diameter 8.00 mm±0.05 mm (original text source-text extraction writes "8.00m[unreadable sign]0.0ghtn", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); the other with diameter 25 mm±0.05 mm. The base plate in the rheometer is a flat plate, and the base plate has a boss with the same diameter as the upper plate and a height of 2 mm~5 mm, so as to trim the specimen.
• 6.1.2 Environmental chamber: the medium for cooling the specimen may be air or liquid; if air is used, a suitable temperature device (including the temperature inside the sample) should be added separately from DSR; if a liquid medium is used, a pump is used to make the bath liquid pass through the environmental chamber, and the system prevents moisture from condensing on the metal plates and device; heating or cooling in the environmental chamber maintains a fixed temperature, accurate to 0.1 ℃; the environmental chamber and temperature controller control the upper and lower plates around the specimen to minimize temperature gradient.
• 6.1.2.1 Temperature controller: within the temperature range of 5 ℃~85 ℃, it can maintain the specimen temperature within ±0.1 ℃ of the test temperature (original text source-text extraction writes "within [unreadable sign]0.1%", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 6.1.2.2 Temperature sensor: used to detect the environmental chamber temperature, providing a continuously readable temperature during sample installation, debugging, and testing. Resistance temperature sensor RTD is installed inside the environmental chamber and in close contact with the fixed plate, temperature range is 5 ℃~85 ℃, reading accurate to 0.1 ℃.
• 6.1.3 Reference temperature sensor: may use 9.2.2.1, 9.2.2.2, 9.2.2.3 as described in RTD or a thermocouple.
• 6.1.4 Loading device: applies a sinusoidal oscillatory load of 10 rad/s, 1 rad/s frequency to the specimen (original text source-text extraction writes "10radse：.Trad/s", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)). If the frequency used is not 10 rad/s, the frequency should be accurate to 1%. The loading device can load in stress-controlled or strain-controlled mode. If strain-controlled loading is used, the periodic torque of rotational strain should be accurate to the specified strain; if stress-controlled, the device can provide a periodic torque accurate to 10 mN·m. Under 100 N torque, the deformation of the system should be less than 2 mrad (original text source-text extraction writes "2mrs", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 6.1.5 Control and data acquisition system: can record temperature, frequency, deflection angle, and torque, meeting the accuracy requirements specified in Table 1; the system will calculate and record shear stress, shear strain, complex shear modulus (G*), and phase angle (δ). Measure and record the range of complex shear modulus (G*) 100 Pa~10 MPa and the range of phase angle (δ); the system equipment should meet Table 1; complex shear modulus at least accurate to 0.5% (original text source-text extraction writes "0.$", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), phase angle accurate to 0.1° (original text source-text extraction writes "0[unreadable unit]", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 6.2 Specimen mold (optional): use a silicone rubber mold, the mold diameter is approximately equal to the diameter of the upper test plate, and the depth is approximately 1.5 times the test gap width.
• 6.3 Scraper: material at least 4 mm (original text source-text extraction writes "[garbled dimension name] at least 4mn", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), used for trimming the specimen.
• Temperature sensor: calibrated thermocouple, thermistor, or RTD, thickness or diameter less than 2 mm, suitable for measuring simulated specimens.
• Table 1 Control and data acquisition system requirements (original text source-text extraction table incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)):
  • Temperature: accuracy 0.1 ℃
  • Frequency: accuracy 1%
  • Torque: accuracy 10 mN·m
  • Deflection angle: accuracy 100 μrad

6. Recommended operating conditions

• Recommended frequency: 10 rad/s (4.5, 11.5 note).
• Frequency range: 1 rad/s to 100 rad/s (4.5, 11.5 note).
• Temperature range: usually at 5 ℃~85 ℃ (1.1, 4.2).
• Specimen temperature fluctuation: maintained within ±0.1 ℃ (4.4, 11.1.1).
• Temperature equilibration: when the temperature displayed by the instrument at RTD reaches ±0.1 ℃ of the required temperature, start testing after at least 10 min of constant temperature (11.2).
• Strain control: control the strain within 20% of the target value calculated by equation (1) (11.3).
• Stress control: control the stress within 20% of the target value calculated by equation (2) (11.4).
• Loading cycle: at a frequency of 10 rad/s, the equipment automatically applies 10 cycles of strain to the specimen; the measured values are obtained from data recorded for an additional 10 cycles; the composite modulus and phase angle values are generated from the data of the second 10 cycles (11.5).
• Multi-frequency test: it should start from the lowest frequency and then increase to the highest frequency (11.5).
• Multi-temperature test: it should be conducted as quickly as possible, and all tests should be completed within 4 h (11.7).

7. Sampling and specimen preparation

• 10.1 Preparation of test sample: if the test material is unaged asphalt, sample according to the provisions of GB/T 11147.
• 10.1.1 Before the test, heat the asphalt until it flows sufficiently, and pour the specimen; avoid heating unaged asphalt to a temperature higher than 135 ℃; for some modified asphalts or aged asphalts, the pouring temperature is required to be higher than 135 ℃, but the heating temperature should not exceed 163 ℃. During heating, cover the sample, and occasionally stir to ensure sample uniformity and drive off air bubbles. Minimize heating time and temperature.
• 10.2 Specimen preparation: zero the gap according to 8.4. Carefully clean and dry the surfaces of the test plates so that the asphalt adheres uniformly and firmly to both test plates. When using 8 mm specimens, raise the environmental chamber to about 45 ℃; when using 25 mm specimens, raise the environmental chamber to the test temperature or the initial temperature of the test temperature range (see the note in 8.5). Prepare the specimen by one of the methods specified in 10.2.1 or 10.2.2.
• 10.2.1 Remove the movable plate, pour the asphalt at the center of the upper test plate so that the asphalt essentially covers the entire plate (except for about 2 mm width around the specimen perimeter). After the specimen hardens, mount the specimen in the rheometer and prepare for testing.
• 10.2.2 Or pour the asphalt into a silicone rubber mold to form an asphalt specimen with a diameter approximately equal to the diameter of the upper test plate and a height approximately equal to 1.5 times the test gap. Leave it for at least 30 min, cool the specimen to room temperature, remove it from the mold, and mount it at the center of the lower plate. Note: for softer grades of asphalt, the mold with the poured specimen may be placed in a freezer to facilitate demolding.
• 10.3 Specimen trimming: after mounting the specimen on the test plates as described above, move the test plates to squeeze the specimen between the two test plates until the test plate gap equals the test gap plus 0.05 mm.
• 10.3.1 Heat the specimen trimmer on a hot plate or flame; move the trimmer around the upper and lower plates; trim the specimen.
• 10.3.2 After trimming the specimen, reduce the gap by 0.05 mm to achieve the desired test gap.

8. Analysis procedure

• 8.1 Prepare the test equipment according to the equipment instructions; requirements will differ for different DSR models and manufacturers.
• 8.2 Install and secure the test plates on the equipment.
• 8.3 Select the test temperature according to the asphalt grade or according to a pre-selected test temperature (see the note in 8.3). Allow the DSR of 0.1 ℃ (the source text source-text extraction reads “[incomplete preceding text] 0.19 CA”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) to reach the test temperature. Note: for fresh asphalt, increase or decrease the temperature at the target temperature or the midpoint of the target temperature range of the RTFOT residue; for PAV residue, increase or decrease the temperature at 3 ℃ or the midpoint of the target temperature range (the source text source-text extraction is severely incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 8.4 At the test temperature or within the expected test temperature range, perform zero gap: (1) manually rotate the movable plate to adjust the zero gap, that is, rotate the movable plate until the mounting (source text incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)); zero gap is achieved when calibration has completely stopped; (2) for a rheometer with a normal force sensor, turn off the normal force after the two plates contact, and the point where the normal force is greater than zero is determined as zero gap.
• 8.5 Remove the plate, and for a specimen of 25 mm set a gap of 1 mm±0.05 mm; for a specimen of diameter 8 mm set a gap of 2 mm±0.05 mm. Note: changing the temperature may cause changes in the zero gap of the DSR detector and equipment; when temperature measurements are made within a temperature range, the zero gap should be adjusted. The gap should be set at the specified temperature or at the midpoint of the test temperature. For most instruments, as long as the test temperature is within ±12 ℃ of the gap setting temperature, no gap adjustment is required (the source text source-text extraction reads “within [unreadable sign]12”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 9 Calibration check: perform the following calibrations and checks at least every 6 months.
• 9.2 Temperature: prepare a simulated asphalt specimen according to standard procedures, or use a thin silicone rubber disc instead of an asphalt specimen. The simulated specimen is only used to check temperature. Use a calibrated temperature sensor (which may be RTD or a thermocouple), insert it into the simulated specimen or thin silicone rubber disc for a trial run, and check the specimen temperature displayed by the RTD on the instrument.
• 9.2.1 Use the measured internal temperature of the simulated specimen as the reference temperature and compare it with the temperature measured by the RTD on the instrument. If the temperature difference between the two is not within the range of ±0.1 ℃, appropriate correction should be made to the temperature displayed by the RTD on the instrument.
• 9.2.2 When the instrument’s RTD is installed inside the rheometer, place a simulated specimen between the two test plates and directly measure the temperature between the simulated specimen and the reference temperature sensor. The reference temperature sensor should be the RTD or thermocouple described in 9.2.2.1, 9.2.2.2, 9.2.2.3. Adjust the environmental chamber temperature to the minimum test temperature; when thermal equilibrium is reached, read the instrument’s RTD reading and the temperature of the simulated specimen. To cover the test temperature range, repeat measurements by increasing the temperature in increments not greater than 6 ℃ to obtain the temperature difference between the instrument’s RTD and the reference temperature sensor. Use this temperature difference to correct the reading of the temperature controller on the rheometer to determine the target test temperature between the parallel plates.
• 9.2.2 Note: RTD and its meter can be calibrated by a professional organization. According to ASTM E 220, the calibration check is performed by comparing the output values of RTD and a calibrated ASTM glass mercury thermometer. When calibrating the temperature sensor, a stirred water bath may be used. Select a partial-immersion glass mercury thermometer with an appropriate temperature range (ASTM 90C: 0 ℃~30 ℃ or ASTM 91C: 20 ℃~50 ℃), place the resistance temperature sensor RTD and the mercury thermometer in a stirred water bath, and bind the temperature sensor and mercury thermometer together with a O-shaped rubber band. Allow the water bath, temperature sensor, and mercury thermometer to reach thermal equilibrium, and record the difference between the glass thermometer reading and the temperature sensor. The water bath temperature should be stable within the range of ±0.1 ℃.
• 9.2.2.1 Insert a thin silicone rubber disc as a dummy specimen between the test plates, and apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly to ensure good thermal conduction. The thin silicone rubber disc has a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 25 mm, and contains a resistance temperature sensor calibrated to 0.1 ℃.
• 9.2.2.2 Install the thin disc with RTD between the test plates, perform a trial run as described in 9.2, and calibrate RTD to 0.1 ℃ according to the content of the note in 9.2.2. RTD must be immersed in hot asphalt before calibration; for accurate measurement results, install RTD in the rheometer and within the asphalt sample. After the specimen is mounted and trimmed, perform temperature measurement according to 9.2.2.
• 9.2.2.3 According to the content of 10, insert the thermocouple probe into the specimen in the rheometer for temperature measurement. The thermocouple must be calibrated every three months to 0.1 ℃ according to the procedure noted in 9.2.2, and tested and read according to the content in 9.2.2. The compensation wires and test equipment must be kept in the same actual state as the calibration state.
• 9.3 Calibrate the stress sensor according to the equipment structure and instructions.
• 9.4 Calibrate the strain sensor according to the equipment structure and instructions.
• 9.5 Use a suitable reference liquid to perform a comprehensive inspection and calibration of DSR. The reference liquid has viscoelastic properties similar to asphalt, and its modulus and phase angle are within the measurement range of this standard.
• 11.1 After adjusting the test plate gap, select a suitable test temperature (see the note in 8.3).
• 11.1.1 Raise the specimen temperature to ±0.1 ℃ of the test temperature.
• 11.1.2 When performing a temperature sweep, start from the midpoint of the test temperature and increase or decrease the test temperature to achieve the desired test temperature range.
• 11.2 Set the temperature controller to the required test temperature. When the temperature displayed by the RTD on the instrument reaches ±0.1 ℃ of the required temperature, begin testing after holding for at least 10 min. Note: DSR produced by different manufacturers cannot be expected to specify the same equilibration time. A well-designed temperature control system will display the time required to reach the test temperature.
• 11.3 When operating in strain-controlled mode, determine the strain value according to the composite modulus value. Control the strain within 20% of the target value calculated by equation (1).
• 11.3.1 Select a suitable strain value from Table 2. The dynamic shear rheometer software automatically controls the strain level without operator control.
• 11.4 When operating in stress-controlled mode, determine the stress level according to the composite modulus value. Control the stress within 20% of the target value calculated by equation (2).
• 11.4.1 Select a suitable stress level from Table 3; the dynamic shear rheometer software automatically controls the stress level without operator control.
• 11.5 When the temperature reaches equilibrium, at the frequency of 10 rad/s, the equipment will automatically apply 10 cycles of strain to the specimen. The measured values (see the note to this clause) are obtained from recording data of an additional 10 cycles. The composite modulus and phase angle values are generated from the data of the second 10 cycles. Multiple measured data can be used to check whether the test sample is correctly prepared. When testing at multiple frequencies, start from the lowest frequency and then increase to the highest frequency. Note: This standard recommends using the standard frequency of 10 rad/s; in the frequency range from 1 rad/s to 100 rad/s, this method may be used for reference.
• 11.6 The data processing system automatically calculates G* and δ from the measured test data (the source text source-text extraction reads "[garbled prefix] calculate G* and [incomplete text]", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 11.7 After specimen preparation and trimming are completed, the test should be conducted immediately. When testing at multiple temperatures, it should be conducted as quickly as possible, and all tests should be completed within 4 h.
• Table 2 Target strain values (the source text source-text extraction table is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)):
  • Material: fresh asphalt (G*/sinδ), RTFOT residue (G*/sinδ), PAV residue (G*sinδ)
  • Target values: 12, 1, range 9–15, 8–12, 0.8~1.2 (the source text reads thus, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
• Table 3 Target stress levels (the source text source-text extraction table is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)):
  • Material: fresh asphalt (G*/sinδ), RTFOT residue (G*/sinδ), PAV residue (G*sinδ)
  • Target values: 0., 0.22, 50.0; range 0.09–0.15, 0.18–0.26, 40.0~60.0 (the source text reads thus, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
• 12 Interpretation of results:
  • 12.1 The dynamic shear modulus and phase angle depend on the magnitude of the shear strain. For unmodified and modified asphalt, the modulus and phase angle decrease with increasing shear strain (as shown in Figure 1). Figure 1 is a strain sweep obtained by gradually increasing the load or strain magnitude; conventional specification tests do not perform such a sweep, but this figure can be used to confirm the limits of the linear region.
  • 12.2 The linear region can be defined as the region where the modulus is independent of shear strain at smaller strains. This region will change with the magnitude of the composite modulus. 95% or a slightly higher strain value may be used (the source text source-text extraction is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)). The shear stress follows a linear relationship from zero (the source text source-text extraction is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
  • 12.3 Calculated from the center of the test plate to the edge of the plate and the geometric dimensions of the specimen. The shear stress is determined by the torque, strain (the source text source-text extraction is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).

9. Qualitative and quantitative and calculation formulas

• Composite shear modulus (G*): the ratio calculated by dividing the absolute value of the peak shear stress (τ) by the absolute value of the peak shear strain (γ) (3.2.1).
• Phase angle (δ): the angle between the applied sinusoidal strain and the resulting sinusoidal stress in controlled-strain mode, or between the applied stress and the resulting strain in controlled-stress mode (3.2.2).
• Loss shear modulus (G"): the composite shear modulus multiplied by the sine of the phase angle expressed in degrees. It is a measure of the energy lost (energy dissipated during a load cycle) (3.2.3).
• Storage shear modulus (G'): the product of the composite shear modulus and the cosine of the phase angle expressed in degrees; it is a measure of the energy stored during a load cycle (3.2.4, the source text source-text extraction reads "[garbled sinusoidal-value wording]", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• Calculation of target strain in strain-controlled mode (11.3):
  • γ% = 12.0/ (G*)^0.29 ⋯ (1)
  • Where: γ—— percentage of shear strain; G*—— composite modulus, kPa.
• Calculation of target stress in stress-controlled mode (11.4):
  • τ = 12.0/ (G*)^0.71 ⋯ (2)
  • Where: τ—— shear stress, kPa; G*—— composite modulus, kPa.
• Appendix A Calculation of sweep stress for stress-controlled rheometer:
  • Starting stress, kPa = (12% stress) / 6 ⋯ (3)
  • Where: 12% stress = 0.12 G*
  • Ending stress = starting stress × 15
  • Note: Sample calculation example: Assume an asphalt of grade PG64-22 at strain 12% has G* = 1.290; 12% stress = 1.290×0.12 = 0.1548 kPa; starting stress = 0.1548/6 = 0.0258 kPa; ending stress = 0.0258×15 = 0.387 kPa.
• Appendix A Data interpretation:
  • A.4.1 Automatically calculates 0.9G* at the minimum strain level of 2%.
  • A.4.2 Determines G* at strain 12%.
  • A.4.3 If at strain 2% it is 0.9G*, and at strain 12% it rises to G*, the material is considered linear. If the material being tested is not linear in this interval, the results obtained cannot be used to determine the PG grade of the asphalt. This process can be completed automatically by a computer scanning program.

10. Precision

• 14.1 The acceptability of results is judged at the confidence level of 95%.
• 14.1.1 Operator precision (repeatability): When the same operator tests the same specimen with the same equipment within a short time, the difference between two results shall not exceed the single-laboratory precision value in Table 4 (the source text source-text extraction is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 14.1.2 Interlaboratory precision (reproducibility): When two different operators test the same specimen in two different laboratories, the percentage difference between two results shall not exceed the single-laboratory precision value in Table 4 (the source text source-text extraction is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 14.2 Bias: the source text source-text extraction is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction).
• Table 4 Expected repeatability and reproducibility from multiple laboratories (the source text source-text extraction table is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)):
  • Original asphalt: G*/sinδ, kPa
  • RTFOT residue: G*/sinδ, kPa
  • PAV residue: G*sinδ, kPa
  • Original asphalt: G* (the source text source-text extraction is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
  • RTFOT residue: 18 (the source text reads thus, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
  • PAV residue: G*sinδ, kPa
  • 31.3 (the source text reads thus, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))

11. Report

• 13.1 Report the test material used, including material name, specification, source, and packaging type.
• 13.2 Describe the instrument used for the test (including model), whether it is a constant-strain rheometer or a constant-stress rheometer, the type of environmental chamber, and other information used to describe the rheometer.
• 13.3 Selecting the strain and stress levels specified in Table 2 and Table 3 can ensure a sufficient reference point. This reference point is used to show that ordinary and modified asphalt are within the linear region (the source text source-text extraction is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)). The system may not be linear in this region; when this situation is observed, report the modulus at the recommended stress or strain level (the source text source-text extraction is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), and report that the test conditions are not in the linear region.
• 13.4 Selected contents of the test report:
  • 13.4.1 Test plate diameter, accurate to 1 mm; test gap, accurate to 1 μm (the source text source-text extraction reads "Imm; test gap, accurate to Igmo", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
  • 13.4.2 Test temperature, accurate to 0.1 ℃.
  • 13.4.3 Test frequency.
  • 13.4.4 Strain magnitude, accurate to 0.01%, or torque, accurate to mN·m (the source text source-text extraction reads "accurate to 1.01%, or torque [garbled wording], accurate to aNne", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
  • 13.4.5 Measured composite modulus G*, unit kPa, accurate to 3 significant figures (the source text source-text extraction reads "[garbled prefix] measured complex modulus C, unit kP [garbled unit], rounded to ③ [garbled significant-figures wording]", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
  • 13.4.6 Phase angle of the second cycle δ, accurate to 0.1° (the source text source-text extraction reads "[missing ordinal] cycle phase angle 102[garbled precision wording]o.1", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• Appendix A.3 Report contents:
  • A.3.1 Composite shear modulus, accurate to 3 significant figures.
  • A.3.2 Strain, accurate to 0.1%.
  • A.3.3 Frequency, accurate to 0.1 rad/s.

12. Referenced documents

• GB/T 11147 Petroleum asphalt sampling method
• SH/T 0736 Asphalt rotating thin film oven test method
• SH/T 0774—2005 Asphalt accelerated aging test method (PAV method)
• ASTM C 670 Standard specification for determining precision and bias in building materials testing methods (Practice for Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction for ASTM Themometers, the source text reads thus, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
• ASTM E 1 ASTM Thermometer specification (Specification for ASTM Thermometers)
• ASTM E 220 Method for calibrating thermocouples by comparison technique (Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by ComParison Techniques)
• DIN 43760 Thermocouple calibration standard (Standard for Calibration of Thermocouples)
• Note: Since our country currently does not adopt the PG classification, this standard deletes the normative references and the content related to the PG classification in the text; for the same reason, it deletes AASHTO M 320 and AASHTO R 29 from the normative references.

13. Source and verification

This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.

14. Quick Q&A Reference