SH/T 0787-2006 Determination of wear characteristics of petroleum-based hydraulic oils by high-pressure vane pump

AI-translated method card — human verification pending. This is not an official translation of the standard. Unclear source values remain unverified; check the original standard and product certificate before use.

Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full title / English name / supersession relationship

• Standard number: SH/T 0787—2006
• Chinese title: Determination of wear characteristics of petroleum-based hydraulic oils by high-pressure vane pump
• English title: Standard test method for indicating wear characteristics of petroleum hydraulic fluids in a high pressure constant volume vane pump
• Supersession relationship: not provided in the available source (the foreword only states modified adoption of ASTM D6973-05, and does not mention superseding an old version of the standard)
• Adoption relationship: modified adoption of ASTM D6973-05 "Determination of wear characteristics of petroleum-based hydraulic oils by high-pressure vane pump"
• Publication/implementation: published on 2006-05-12, implemented on 2006-11-01
• Issuing body: National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China
• Drafting organization: Dalian Lubricating Oil Research and Development Center of PetroChina Company Limited
• Main drafters: Liang Dejun, Gao Yongbin

2. Scope of application and non-applicability

• 1.1 This standard specifies a test method for determining the wear characteristics of petroleum-based hydraulic oils using a high-pressure vane pump.
• 1.2 This standard uses International System of Units (SI) units.
• 1.3 The application of this standard may involve certain hazardous materials, operations and equipment, but it does not purport to address all safety problems associated with them; users are responsible for establishing appropriate safety and protection measures and determining the applicable limits of applicability before using this standard.
• Annex A (normative annex) specifies the test conditions for water-based synthetic fluids; A.1.1 points out that for water-based synthetic fluids, the test conditions and test oil temperature specified in this test method are not suitable for the operating conditions of the test pump, and it is recommended to use the test conditions of Annex A.
• Non-applicability scope: not explicitly listed in the available source.

3. Method principle

• Chapter 4 Method summary: 190L±4L The test oil is circulated through a rotating vane pump apparatus for 50h; the test conditions are: pump speed 2400r/min±20r/min, pump outlet pressure 20.7MPa±0.2MPa, sample inlet temperature 95℃±3℃; the total pump wear (mass loss of the stator and all vanes during the test, in mg) is used as the test result to evaluate the anti-wear performance of high-pressure anti-wear hydraulic oils.
• The test requires test oil 400L, test pump 3 piece(s), with no replacement of test oil or filter in between.
• The viscosity of the test oil shall not be lower than viscosity grade ISO32 or viscosity grade SAE10W.
• Note: In general, the inner vanes of the vane pump do not require mass loss measurement.

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• 7.1 Use solvent naphtha No. 190 meeting the requirements of GB 1922—1980, or an equivalent product.
• Warning: The use of all solvents shall comply with safety regulations.
• Test oil sample: 9.1 Prepare test oil sample 400L; 9.2 The test oil shall be representative of the properties of the oil being tested, and the portion extracted each time for testing shall also be representative of the test oil.
• Gear oil: 10.3.1 Before each test, check the gear oil level in the gearbox; if insufficient, add gear oil to the dipstick mark (grade/specification not provided in the available source).
• Preparation of other reagents: not provided in the available source.

5. Instruments and equipment

• 6.1 The basic system includes the following equipment (see Figure 1):
  • 6.1.1 Motor, or other suitable drive equipment. Speed 2400r/min, power at least 93kW (125HP).
  • 6.1.2 Test bench base, matching components for the motor, pump, oil storage tank and other components.
  • 6.1.3 Oil tank (at least 200L, located above the pump centerline for natural gravity oil supply); thermometer or thermocouple; outlet pressure gauge; replaceable pump cartridge rotary inner vane pump Vickers 35VQ25A-11*20 (pump cartridge assembly P/N -4998040-002); motor (at least 93kW); outlet pressure gauge; pressure regulating valve; filter; cooler; flow meter.
    • Note: Pump cartridge components can be purchased separately; Eaton (Eaton) component product models are: pump cartridge bolt P/N 410609; inlet support plate P/N 430806; outlet support plate P/N 412003; oil distribution side plate assembly P/N 923953; gasket P/N 418108; rotor P/N 262154; pump cartridge assembly P/N 4999594-001; vane assembly (including 10 inner vanes and 10 vanes) P/N 922700. (source-text extraction Doubt: some P/N numbers require confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
    • 6.1.3.1 Requires replacement (the source sentence is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
  • 6.1.4 Oil storage tank, with baffle and cover, entirely made of stainless steel.
    • 6.1.4.1 In order to view the liquid level, oil storage tank oil temperature, etc., a port may be added to the oil storage tank.
    • 6.1.4.2 If, after the oil storage tank is positioned, the venting condition cannot be observed by opening the cover, a sight glass opening may be added to the side of the oil storage tank.
  • 6.1.5 Pump outlet pressure manual or remote control valve.
  • 6.1.6 Temperature control element, controlling the flow rate of coolant in the heat exchanger to keep the test oil within a certain temperature range.
  • 6.1.7 Temperature indicator, with a minimum accuracy of ±1℃, and a suitable sensor position for temperature measurement.
    • 6.1.7.1 In order to prevent agitation of the test oil at the pump inlet, the thermocouple socket diameter (value not provided in the available source) mm, and the position shall be at least 30cm from the pump inlet.
    • 6.1.7.2 The thermocouple contact shall be inserted to the center point of the liquid flow.
  • 6.1.8 Heat exchanger, which shall have sufficient heat exchange area to remove excess heat from the system.
  • 6.1.9 Outlet pressure gauge, measuring pump outlet pressure, accuracy at least ±0.1MPa.
  • 6.1.10 Inlet pressure gauge, measuring pump inlet pressure, accuracy at least ±0.007MPa.
  • 6.1.11 Filter unit, to limit wear of the test pump by particles in the system. Performance shall reach β₃≥100 (β₃—filtration ratio of a filter with a filtration accuracy of 3μm).
    • 6.1.11.1 A pressure gauge shall be installed at both ends of the filter, or a differential pressure sensor shall be used to monitor the pressure at both ends of the filter to prevent faults.
    • 6.1.11.2 If two pressure gauges are used to monitor the pressure of the filter, whether the filter unit is normal can be judged by the pressure difference across the pressure limiting valve.
  • 6.1.12 Flow measurement, accuracy at least ±1L/min.
    • 6.1.12.1 It is recommended to install components with self-protection functions in the test system. The safety relays installed in the system shall include the following: low pressure, high pressure, high temperature and low flow rate safety switches.
    • 6.1.12.2 It shall be checked to ensure that the flushing fluid and test oil sample are compatible with seals or any other materials in the system.
  • 6.1.13 Connect the motor and test pump with a flexible coupling.
  • 6.1.14 Oil sampling port; sampling conditions and methods shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 17489.
• 6.2 The components of the test system shall be assembled as shown in Figure 1.
  • 6.2.1 The test system shall be equipped with necessary drain valves to ensure that the system oil is drained completely with no residue.
  • 6.2.2 When establishing the test system, high-quality hydraulic pipes shall be selected to prevent air from entering and affecting the test.
  • 6.2.3 The installation of the test pump shall ensure that it is convenient to inspect and clean the inner surface of the pump body, to check coaxiality, and for the operator to disassemble and assemble the test pump.
  • 6.2.4 Sensors used to measure the inlet and outlet pressure of the test pump shall be installed within 30.5cm from the pump inlet and outlet ports.
  • 6.2.5 When the startup procedure is completed and the test conditions are established, the test pump inlet pressure shall be 19.8kPa±7.0kPa (see Annex A.3.1).
  • 6.2.6 The oil storage tank shall be located so that it is convenient to drain and add test oil, and easy to observe the liquid level by opening the cover or through the monitoring port.
  • 6.2.7 The oil inlet line (from the oil storage tank to the test pump inlet) shall have a minimum inner diameter of 5.08cm, and the straight pipeline before the test oil enters the test pump inlet shall be at least 61cm.
  • 6.2.8 Seamless steel pipe (the source sentence is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
  • 6.2.9 The high-pressure pipe section (from the pump outlet to the pressure control valve) shall have a minimum inner diameter of 3.2cm and a pressure resistance exceeding 20.7MPa. It is preferable to use high-strength seamless steel pipe or equivalent high-pressure hose. The return pipe and equipment (from the pressure control valve to the filter, flow meter, heat exchanger, oil storage tank) shall have a minimum inner diameter of 2.54cm, and seamless steel pipe is preferred.
  • 6.2.10 The inlet end shall not be less than 30cm (the source sentence is incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• 6.3 System auxiliary equipment and instruments:
  • 6.3.1 Gear oil tank cooling automatic control system.
  • 6.3.2 Cooling water pump, circulating water pool system.
  • 6.3.3 Instrument circuit control system.
  • 6.3.4 Oil cleanliness tester.
  • 6.3.5 Pneumatic (electric) oil pump.
  • 6.3.6 Balance, range (value missing in the source, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), accuracy 0.0001g.
  • 6.3.7 Balance, range: 0kg～200kg (source-text extraction Doubt, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), accuracy 0.001g.
  • 6.3.8 Imperial tools, box wrenches, open-end wrenches, torque wrenches, etc.

6. Recommended operating conditions

• Test operating conditions (Chapter 4, 11.4):
  • Pump speed: 2400r/min±20r/min
  • Pump outlet pressure: 20.7MPa±0.2MPa
  • Sample inlet temperature: 95℃±3℃
  • Circulation time: 50h (formal test run 49h, see 11.4.1)
  • Minimum pump flow rate: 132.5L/min (11.4.2)
• Break-in stage (11.3):
  • 11.3.2 Pump speed 2400r/min±20r/min, outlet pressure 6.9MPa±0.2MPa, run for 30min, the pump inlet temperature is allowed to rise but shall not exceed 52℃±3℃.
  • 11.3.3 Pump speed 2400r/min±20r/min, outlet pressure 13.8MPa±0.2MPa, run for 30min, the pump inlet temperature is allowed to rise but shall not exceed 79℃±3℃.
• Flushing conditions (10.1.2.4): motor speed 2400r/min±50r/min, outlet pressure 3.5MPa±0.2MPa, flush for at least 30min.
• Clean filtration conditions (11.1.4.1): motor speed 2400r/min±50r/min, no pressure applied at the pump outlet, run for at least 1h.
• Test conditions for water-based synthetic fluids (Annex A):
  • A.3.1 The pump inlet pressure shall be 21.0kPa±3.8kPa.
  • A.4.1.2.1 Speed 2400r/min±20r/min, outlet pressure 6.9MPa±0.2MPa, run 30min, inlet temperature not exceeding 43℃±3℃.
  • A.4.1.3 Speed 2400r/min±20r/min, outlet pressure 13.8MPa±0.2MPa, run 30min, inlet temperature not exceeding 54℃±3℃.
  • A.4.2.1 Speed 2400r/min±20r/min, outlet pressure 20.7MPa±0.2MPa, run 49h, inlet temperature not exceeding 65℃±3℃.
  • A.4.2.2 The minimum flow rate of the pump is 132.5L/min.

7. Sampling and specimen preparation

• 9.1 Prepare test oil sample 400L.
• 9.2 The test oil should be able to represent the properties of the oil product under test, and the portion extracted each time for the test should also be able to represent the test oil.
• 6.1.14 Oil sampling port, sampling conditions and method shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 17489.
• 11.1.5 Collect oil sample, see 6.1.14.
• 11.7.1 The method of collecting oil sample is the same as 11.1.5.
• 10.2.2 Thoroughly clean the stator and a set of ten vanes with solvent oil. Allow the stator and vanes to dry. Weigh the stator and ten vanes separately (excluding the inner vanes), with weighing accuracy to 0.001g, and record these data. The vanes must be demagnetized before weighing.
• 12.3.1 Thoroughly clean the stator and 10 vanes with solvent oil. After the stator and vanes are dry, measure the mass of the stator and vanes separately, to an accuracy of 0.001g.

8. Analysis procedure

• 8 Test bench maintenance:
  • 8.1 Temperature, pressure sensors and control switches should be checked regularly to maintain their normal operation.
  • 8.2 The pump shaft, shaft seal and bearings are preferably replaced every 10 tests (if there is large mass loss, vibration, cavitation, or visible damage, they should be replaced promptly) (see Figure 2).
  • 8.3 Inspect the pump head and pump body; if obvious damage is found, replace promptly.
  • 8.4 Inspect the inner surface of the pump body and the condition of the shaft seal to avoid shaft seal leakage.
  • 8.5 Check the coaxiality of the pump and motor shafts; the non-parallelism should not be greater than 0.08mm, and the angular error should not be greater than 0.3°.
  • 8.6 The coaxiality error check should be completed with the pump cartridge installed.
  • 8.7 Use a dial indicator to measure shaft deviation, remove the motor coupling, rotate the shaft by hand, and check the shaft for bending.
  • 8.8 Regularly inspect the four bolt holes on the pump head, and apply anti-rust oil to the threads to prevent corrosion. To better secure the test pump, any damage to the threads of the pump body and pump head bolts should be replaced promptly.
  • 8.9 The pressure control valve needs to be disassembled regularly, cleaned and inspected.
• 10 Test preparation work:
  • 10.1 System flushing:
    • 10.1.1 Routine cleaning and flushing are very important for the entire system to prevent cross-contamination of the test oil.
    • 10.1.2 Flushing procedure for petroleum-based hydraulic oil and synthetic oil:
      • 10.1.2.1 Drain all old oil from the system.
      • 10.1.2.2 Install the cleaning pump.
      • 10.1.2.3 Add 190L±4L test oil to the system.
      • 10.1.2.4 Flush the system for at least 30min under the following conditions: motor speed 2400r/min±50r/min, outlet pressure 3.5MPa±0.2MPa.
      • 10.1.2.5 After flushing is completed, thoroughly drain the system oil and remove the filter.
      • 10.1.2.6 If, in the opinion of the test manager, the bench needs additional flushing, repeat items 10.1.2.1 to 10.1.2.4.
  • 10.2 Preparation and installation of the test pump cartridge:
    • 10.2.1 Disassemble the 35V025A-11*20 pump, and confirm that the vanes, stator and port plate are installed in the correct positions.
    • 10.2.2 Thoroughly clean the stator and a set of ten vanes with solvent oil. Allow the stator and vanes to dry. Weigh the stator and ten vanes separately (excluding the inner vanes), with weighing accuracy to 0.001g, and record these data. The vanes must be demagnetized before weighing.
    • 10.2.3 Install the test pump cartridge according to the correct procedure. Ensure that the vanes are correctly installed in the rotor and move freely, and ensure that the rotor, stator and port plate are installed correctly.
  • 10.3 Add gear oil:
    • 10.3.1 Before each test, check the gear oil level in the gearbox; if insufficient, add gear oil up to the dipstick mark.
• 11 Test procedure:
  • 11.1 Pre-test work:
    • 11.1.1 Close all oil drain valves on the test bench.
    • 11.1.2 Install a new filter.
    • 11.1.3 Add 190L±4L new test oil to the system.
    • 11.1.4 Clean filtration of test oil:
      • 11.1.4.1 Operate the system for at least 1h under the following conditions: motor speed 2400r/min±50r/min, no pressure applied at the pump outlet.
    • 11.1.5 Collect oil sample, see 6.1.14.
    • 11.1.6 Cleanliness shall be tested in accordance with GB/T 14039.
      • 11.1.6.1 Before the formal test, the cleanliness level of the test oil must at least reach GB/T 14039 level 18/16/13, and the calculation of particle count should satisfy GB/T 18854.
      • 11.1.6.2 The test oil may also be cleaned with a filter before being loaded into the system, but it must be ensured that it is not contaminated by residual oil samples from the previous test.
      • 11.1.6.3 If the cleanliness of the test oil does not meet the requirements, repeat the (original sentence incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) steps until the required cleanliness standard is reached.
    • 11.1.7 Remove the cleaning pump.
    • 11.1.8 Install the 35V025A-11*20 pump.
  • 11.2 Venting stage:
    • 11.2.1 Open the pump inlet shut-off valve and confirm that the system oil circuit is unobstructed.
    • 11.2.2 Open the gas distribution (original sentence incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
    • 11.2.3 Press the cooling water pump start button, and the cooling water pump starts running.
    • 11.2.4 Press the cooling tower fan start button, and the cooling tower fan starts running.
    • 11.2.5 Close the power switch in the distribution room to supply power to the instrument operation console.
    • 11.2.6 Press the exhaust fan start button in the bench room to make the exhaust fan run.
    • 11.2.7 Start the power supply of the instrument operating system, press the main motor low-speed reduced-voltage start button, and the bench starts running.
    • 11.2.8 Check that the pump is running at low speed and remove air from the system.
    • 11.2.9 Under the condition of no pressure applied at the pump outlet, after running at low speed for at least 30min, confirm that there is no air in the system piping, and press the main motor stop button.
  • 11.3 Running-in stage:
    • 11.3.2 Press the main motor high-speed reduced-voltage start button, and the bench starts running. Pump speed is 2400r/min±20r/min, outlet pressure is 6.9MPa±0.2MPa, run 30min, the pump inlet temperature is allowed to rise but must not exceed 52℃±3℃.
    • 11.3.3 Set the pump speed to 2400r/min±20r/min, outlet pressure to 13.8MPa±0.2MPa, run 30min, the pump inlet temperature is allowed to rise but must not exceed 79℃±3℃.
  • 11.4 Test run:
    • 11.4.1 Set the pump speed to 2400r/min±20r/min, outlet pressure to 20.7MPa±0.2MPa, run 49h. The pump inlet temperature is allowed to rise but must not exceed 95℃±3℃.
    • 11.4.2 The minimum flow rate of the pump is 132.5L/min. If the pump flow rate is lower than the minimum value, stop the test.
  • 11.5 Restarting the test:
    • 11.5.1 If the test is stopped for any reason, the test may be continued after the test conditions are re-established.
      • 11.5.1.1 Set the pump speed to 2400r/min±20r/min, outlet pressure to 6.9MPa±0.2MPa, run (time missing in the original text, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), pump inlet temperature controlled at 52℃ (±3℃).
      • 11.5.1.2 Pump speed is 2400r/min±20r/min, outlet pressure is 13.8MPa±0.2MPa, run 30min, pump inlet temperature controlled at 79℃ (±3℃).
      • 11.5.1.3 Set the pump speed to 2400r/min±20r/min, outlet pressure to 20.7MPa±0.2MPa, pump inlet temperature rises to 95℃±3℃; only after the test conditions have been re-established can the timer start timing, with cumulative running 49h.
    • 11.5.2 After the test conditions are met for restart, the system flow rate must not be lower than the last recorded 6% for it to be considered valid.
  • 11.6 Test termination:
    • 11.6.1 Depressurize. After the test is completed, slowly rotate the pressure reduction knob and fully open the pressure control valve to reduce the test pump outlet pressure to 0MPa.
    • 11.6.2 Stop the machine. Press the main motor stop button and turn off the power supply of the instrument operating system.
    • 11.6.3 Stop the water pump. Press the cooling water pump stop button, and the cooling water pump stops running.
    • 11.6.4 Stop the cooling tower fan. Press the cooling tower fan stop button, and the cooling tower fan stops running.
    • 11.6.5 Stop the indoor fan. Press the indoor fan stop button, and the indoor fan stops running.
    • 11.6.6 Close the gas distribution system.
    • 11.6.7 Pull down the power switch in the distribution room.
  • 11.7 Collect oil sample:
    • 11.7.1 The method of collecting oil sample is the same as 11.1.5.
    • 11.7.2 Test the cleanliness of the test oil the same as (original sentence incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
    • 11.7.3 Observe and record the state of the test oil, and note any abnormal appearance.
• 12 Test results:
  • 12.1 Remove the pump. Remove (original sentence incomplete, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), carefully take out the test pump cartridge.
  • 12.2 Disassemble the pump cartridge. Disassemble the 35V025A-11*20 pump cartridge according to reasonable procedures.
  • 12.3 Weight loss measurement and inspection:
    • 12.3.1 Thoroughly clean the stator and 10 vanes with solvent oil. After the stator and vanes are dry, measure the mass of the stator and vanes separately, to an accuracy of 0.001g.
    • 12.3.2 Subtract the mass after the test from the mass of the stator and vanes before the test to calculate the mass loss of the stator and ten vanes.
    • 12.3.3 Inspect the various components of the pump and look for any abnormal wear.
  • 12.4 Repeat the test process from 11.1.8 to 12.3.3 until each of the three test pumps has run for 50h, then end.
  • 12.5 Open all drain valves and drain the test system oil.

9. Qualitative and quantitative and calculation formulas

• 12.3.2 Subtract the mass after the test from the mass of the stator and vanes before the test to calculate the mass loss of the stator and ten vanes.
• The total wear amount of the pump (the mass loss of the stator and all blades during the test, in mg) is used as the test result (Chapter 4).
• Mass weighing is accurate to 0.001g (10.2.2, 12.3.1).
• Note: In general, the inner blades of a vane pump do not require weight loss measurement (Chapter 4).
• The specific calculation formula is not provided in the available source (only a textual description of the difference calculation).

10. Precision

• Chapter 14 Precision and bias: the main text of the original is missing (source-text extraction only shows the title and the words “14.1”; the specific values are not provided in the available source and require confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).

11. Report

• 13.1 The report shall include the following information:
  • 13.1.1 Mass loss of stator and blades, accurate to 0.001g.
  • 13.1.2 Flow rate at the beginning and end of the formal test.
  • 13.1.3 Any observable abnormal wear, scratches, deposits, cavitation damage, shaft seal damage, and oil distribution plate (the original sentence is incomplete and requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
  • 13.1.4 Cleanliness of the test oil before the start of the test and after the end.
• Appendix B (informative appendix) Vickers 35VQ25A Evaluation of high-pressure pump bench test results (single pump): includes test date, test number, oil sample source, oil sample cleanliness at the start of the test, weighing of test pump parts (mass before test mg, mass after test mg, mass loss mg; pump parts: stator, blades, total), description of test pump parts, evaluation of test results, tester, inspector, etc.
• Appendix C (informative appendix) Test report for determination of wear characteristics of petroleum-based hydraulic oil high-pressure vane pumps: includes test commissioning unit, test undertaking unit, test oil sample name, test oil sample number, test pump number, test method, test date, mass of pump parts (blades, stator, oil distribution plate, rotor) before test, mass after test, mass loss mg for pump 1#/pump 2#/pump 3#, evaluation of test results, test department, name of test unit (seal), signature, year month day; attachments include test introduction, method summary, test equipment, test pump, test oil sample, main test conditions, test operation status (machine operation status, abnormal shutdown status, shutdown date, shutdown time h, cumulative shutdown h, shutdown reason), post-test photos of test parts (Figure 1 blades, Figure 2 stator, Figure 3 side plate, Figure 4 rotor, Figure 5 oil distribution plate).
• Appendix D (informative appendix) Vickers 35VQ25A High-pressure pump bench test record: includes time, cumulative h, rotational speed r/min, test pump outlet pressure MPa, inlet oil temperature ℃, outlet oil temperature ℃, gearbox oil temperature ℃, system water temperature ℃, oil tank oil temperature ℃, large heat exchanger oil temperature ℃, small heat exchanger oil temperature ℃, total flow L/min, main motor current A, tester, inspector, page number.

12. Normative references

• GB 1922—1980 Solvent naphtha
• GB/T 14039 Hydraulic fluid power — Fluid — Code for defining the cleanliness level of solid particle contamination (GB/T 14039-2002, MOD ISO 4406:1999)
• GB/T 17489 Hydraulic particle contamination analysis — Extraction of fluid samples from lines of an operating system (GB/T 17489—1998, IDT ISO 4021:1992)
• GB/T 18854 Hydraulic fluid power — Calibration of automatic particle counters for liquids (GB/T 18854—2002, MOD ISO 11171:1999)
• Explanation of normative references: For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding corrigenda) or revisions do not apply to this standard; however, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest version applies to this standard.

13. Source and verification

This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.

14. Quick Q&A