SH/T 0178-1992 Determination of burning quality of kerosene (lamp method)

AI-translated method card — human verification pending. This is not an official translation of the standard. Unclear source values remain unverified; check the original standard and product certificate before use.

Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full title / English name / replacement relationship

• Standard number: SH/T 0178—92 (confirmed in 2000)
• Chinese title: Determination of burning quality of kerosene (lamp method)
• English title: not provided in the available source
• Replacement relationship: replaces ZB E31 007-88
• First issued: 1953
• Approval/implementation: approved by China Petrochemical Corporation 1992-05-20, implemented on 1992-05-20

2. Scope of application and non-applicability

• This standard specifies the method for inspecting the burning performance of kerosene after burning for 8h with a standard kerosene lamp.
• This standard applies to kerosene.
• Not applicable: not provided in the available source.

3. Method principle

After burning a standard kerosene lamp for a certain period, the burning performance of kerosene is judged by inspecting changes in the flame, whether the wick forms a mushroom, and the condition of deposits on the chimney.

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• Reagent: benzene, chemically pure.
• Materials:
  • Silk cloth.
  • Solvent naphtha or straight-run gasoline with distillation range 80–120℃ (the original text “80–120 seven” is source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).

5. Apparatus and equipment

• Standard lamp specifications:
  • Chimney: ordinary chimney, glass thickness 1.0mm±0.2mm (as shown in Figure 1, A).
  • Oil container: made of glass, round, height 150mm±5mm, volume 180~200mL (as shown in Figure 1, B).
  • Burner: made of metal, five-point burner, with 56 ventilation holes inside the cap and 18 ventilation holes on the outer ring, ventilation hole diameter 2mm (as shown in Figure 2).
  • Wick: flat cotton wick tape with width 10~11mm, warp count 27 threads, each thread 16 yarns 6 plies; hanging warp count 2 threads, each thread 16 yarns 6 plies; weft yarn each thread 16 yarns 2 plies; weft density 5 threads per centimeter.
• Flame-measuring scale: made of metal, scale graduation 1mm, the support can be adjusted up and down (as shown in Figure 3).
• Scissors.
• Semicircular knife.
• Tweezers.
• Graduated cylinder: 200mL.
• Funnel.

6. Recommended operating conditions

• The lamp test shall be conducted in a room with adequate ventilation and free from smoke and dust, but the flame shall not be subject to fluctuations.
• Arbitration tests shall be conducted at room temperature 10–38℃ (the original text “10–38 seven” is source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• The lamp shall be placed at a distance of 300mm from the wall, and the distance between lamps shall also be at least 300mm.
• During the test, the lamp shall not be moved or vibrated, the chimney shall not be rotated, no sample shall be added, and the wick shall not be twisted.
• Standard flame: height 18mm (from the upper end of the burner cap to the top of the flame), width 20mm±0.5mm (measured at the widest part on both sides of the flame, as shown in Figure 4); the flame shall not have a pointed top or forked light at either end.
• When measuring the flame, use a flame-measuring scale; the flame-measuring scale shall be kept away from the flame by 150mm (from the scale support to the flame), and the scale shall be parallel to the flame.

7. Sampling and sample preparation

• Pour filtered sample 180mL into the oil container.
• Oil container treatment: wipe the inside and outside of the oil container clean, and wash it two or three times with a small amount of sample.
• Burner treatment: clean all parts of the burner, and check whether the ventilation holes are blocked and whether the cap is tightly fastened. After a period of use, if deposits are found in the holes or carbon deposits are found in the wick hole, they may be carefully removed, washed successively with benzene and solvent naphtha, dried, and kept for use.
• Chimney treatment: scrub clean with soapy water, rinse successively with tap water and distilled water, then dry; before the test, wipe clean with silk cloth.
• Wick treatment: soak and wash with warm soapy water to remove starch and other substances on the cotton yarn, then lay flat and squeeze out water. If the wick has been used, first cut off the charred part, then wash two or three times with solvent naphtha. All the wicks treated above shall be dried at 70–80℃ and kept for use (the original text “70–80 seven” is source-text extraction noise, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).

8. Analytical procedure

1. Pour filtered sample 180mL into the oil container. Place the dried wick into the oil container, moisten it with sample, then install it into the burner with tweezers.
2. Turn the wick up, and trim the wick into an arc shape with scissors or a semicircular knife. The trimmed wick must show a uniform and symmetrical flame during the test, and its width and height must meet the requirements for the standard flame.
3. The standard flame is specified as: height 18mm (from the upper end of the burner cap to the top of the flame), width 20mm±0.5mm (measured at the widest part on both sides of the flame, as shown in Figure 4), and the flame shall not have a pointed top or forked light at either end. The flame must be inspected while trimming until the shape and size of the flame meet the specification.
4. Flame adjustment: the height of the flame can be adjusted by raising or lowering the wick, and the width can be adjusted by trimming the two corners of the wick.
5. When measuring the flame, use a flame-measuring scale; the flame-measuring scale shall be kept away from the flame by 150mm (from the scale support to the flame), and the scale shall be parallel to the flame.
   • Measurement of flame height: adjust the scale so that the top end of the burner cap is exactly in the middle of the lower gap of the scale, and the top of the flame is exactly in the middle of the upper gap of the scale; observe repeatedly, then read the value from the scale.
   • Measurement of flame width: adjust the scale so that the widest points on both sides of the flame are exactly in the middle of the gaps on both sides of the scale; observe repeatedly, then read the value from the scale.
6. When the wick has been trimmed to meet the above standard, preparation for the test begins. At the start of ignition, the flame must be turned down until smokeless, so as to avoid contaminating the chimney when it is installed. After the chimney is installed, slowly raise the flame to height 18mm and width 20mm±0.5mm. After 30min, if the flame shape meets the requirements for the standard flame, accurately measure the flame, record the measurement results, and then formally begin the 8h test. If the flame does not meet the standard requirements, it may be adjusted immediately: first turn the flame down and extinguish it, remove the chimney, and trim according to clauses 6.2 and 6.3 until it meets the standard, then formally begin the test.
7. The lamp test shall be conducted in a room with adequate ventilation and free from smoke and dust, but the flame shall not be subject to fluctuations. Arbitration tests shall be conducted at room temperature 10~38℃. The lamp shall be placed at a distance of 300mm from the wall, and the distance between lamps shall also be at least 300mm. During the test, the lamp shall not be moved or vibrated, the chimney shall not be rotated, no sample shall be added, and the wick shall not be twisted.
8. At the end of the 8h test, immediately use the flame-measuring scale to accurately measure the flame height and width and observe whether the flame has forked light; then turn the flame down and extinguish it. After cooling to room temperature, remove the chimney to observe the color of the smoke and check whether the wick has formed a mushroom.
9. Each lamp test requires duplicate determinations.

9. Qualitative and quantitative determination and calculation formulas

• Judgment (7.1): after the sample has undergone the 8h lamp test, it is qualified if it meets the following conditions:
  • 7.1.1 Flame change: after 8h, the flame height shall not be lower than 15mm, the width shall not be less than 17mm, and the flame shall not show forked light at either end.
  • 7.1.2 Chimney: there shall be no severe brownish-brown deposits or any black deposits.
  • 7.1.3 Wick: no mushroom formation.
• Report (9): take the arithmetic mean of the two flame heights from duplicate determinations as the flame height of the sample, and round to an integer.
• Calculation formula: not provided in the available source.

10. Precision

• Repeatability: the difference between the results of two flame height determinations by the same operator shall not exceed 2mm.
• Reproducibility: not provided in the available source.

11. Report

Take the arithmetic mean of the two flame heights from duplicate determinations as the flame height of the sample, and round to an integer.

12. Referenced documents

• ZB E31 007-88 (replaced standard)
• Other referenced documents: not provided in the available source.

13. Source and verification

This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.

14. Quick-reference Q&A