SH/T 0188-1992 Determination of Wear Properties of Lubricating Oils (Falex Pin and V Block Method)

AI-translated method card — human verification pending. This is not an official translation of the standard. Unclear source values remain unverified; check the original standard and product certificate before use.

Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full title / English name / replacement relationship

• Standard number: SH/T 0188-92
• Chinese full title: Determination of Wear Properties of Lubricating Oils (Falex Pin and V Block Method)
• English name: not provided in the available source
• Replacement relationship: replaces ZB E34 005-87
• Adoption relationship: equivalent adoption of the American Society for Testing and Materials standard ASTM D2670-81 "Determination of Wear Properties of Liquid Lubricants"
• Approval/implementation: approved by China Petrochemical Corporation 1992-05-20, implemented on 1992-05-20

2. Scope of application and non-application

• This standard specifies the specific method for determining the wear properties of lubricating oils using a Falex testing machine.
• This standard is applicable to the determination of the anti-wear properties of lubricating oils.
• If the test conditions change, the wear values may change; the relative ratings of lubricating oils may also differ.
• Non-application scope: not provided in the available source.

3. Method principle

The test is that a steel pin is clamped by two steel V blocks immersed in lubricating oil and rotated at a rotational speed of 290r/min±10r/min. Pressure is applied and maintained by a ratchet device. The wear properties of the test sample are determined using the specified test time and test loading.

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• 4.1 Petroleum ether: 60～90℃, analytical grade, or meets the requirements of grade 90 in GB 1922.
• 4.2 Washing gasoline: meets the requirements of SH 0114.
• 4.3 Sulfur: spectroscopically pure.
• 4.4 White oil (Appendix A).
• Standard sample preparation (Chapter 6):
  • 6.1 Prepared from spectroscopically pure sulfur and white oil. A mixture containing 0.10%( mass) sulfur and 99.90%( mass) white oil is heated in a glass container to 115～120℃ while stirring with a glass stirrer for 15min, labeled A.
  • 6.2 Prepare by the same method a mixture containing 0.20%( mass) sulfur and 99.80%( mass) white oil, labeled B.
  • 6.3 These mixtures are the standard samples and are used in clause 7.2.
• Appendix A White oil specification (supplementary document): This product is prepared from lubricating oil through processes such as cutting, acid-base refining, extraction, water washing, and clay refining; it is the base oil for Falex standard samples.
  • Technical requirements (item | quality index | test method):
    • Kinematic viscosity (40℃), mm²/s: 70～75 | GB/T 265
    • Flash point (open cup), ℃ not lower than: ≥200 (the original source-text extraction is "[unreadable value]", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) | GB/T 267
    • Pour point, ℃ not higher than: -10 | GB/T 3535
    • Water-soluble acid or alkali: none | GB/T 259
    • Water content: none | GB/T 260
    • Color (potassium dichromate solution), number not greater than: 1 | SH/T 0117
    • Mechanical impurities: none | GB/T 511
    • Ultraviolet absorbance, 260～350nm not greater than: 0.1 | SH/T 0415
    • Sulfur content, %: none | Coulometric method
    • Arsenic and lead content: none | Atomic absorption spectroscopy
  • A2 The provisions for packaging, marking, storage, transportation, delivery acceptance, and sampling of this product shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SH 0103.

5. Instruments and equipment

• 4.1 Falex (pin and V block) lubricating oil testing machine as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
• 4.2 Fixed screw inlaid with a Brinell ball of diameter 10mm.
• 4.3 Support plug.
• 4.4 Soft copper standard test piece marked with Brinell hardness (HB 37-39).
• 4.5 Graduated measuring microscope, graduation value 0.01mm.
• 4.6 Thermometer: graduation value 1℃.
• 4.7 Steel ruler (about 150mm) long.
• 4.8 Stopwatch.
• 4.9 Standard precision-pressed V block: included angle 96°±1°, material AISI C-1137 steel, Rockwell hardness HRC 20～24 (the original source-text extraction is "HRC[unreadable lower value and separator]24", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), surface finish 1.3×10⁻⁷～2.5×10⁻⁷m root mean square value.
• 4.10 Test pin: outer diameter 6.35mm(1/4 in), length 31.75mm(1¼ in), material AISI 3135 steel, Rockwell hardness of polished flat surface HRB 87～91, surface finish 1.3×10⁻⁷～2.5×10⁻⁷m root mean square value.
• 4.11 Locking pin: material leaded brass (the original source-text extraction is "[garbled prefix]H brass", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), conforming to ASTM B16 "Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines".
• Note 1): The precision values of this standard are determined using the test pieces specified in ASTM D2670-81; there are no completely identical test pieces domestically. This standard may use test pieces of other materials for determination, but this should be noted in the report.

6. Recommended operating conditions

• Rotational speed: 290r/min±10r/min.
• Test temperature: sample temperature raised to [unreadable temperature]℃±3℃ (the original source-text extraction is "[unreadable value]℃[unreadable sign]39C", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• Test time: 5min (clause 8.6); 15min (clause 8.7).
• Load gauge: 3559N(800lbf), 13345N(3000lbf), 20000N(4500lbf) (the original source-text extraction is "211[unreadable digits]N(‘,[unreadable value]lb」)", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• Loading: clause 8.6 increase the load until the gauge load value equivalent to producing a diameter 2.10mm indentation on the standard test piece; for the 3559N(800lbf) or 13345N(3000lbf) load gauge, generally about 1112N(250lbf); if using the 20000N(4500lbf) gauge, generally about 1246N(280lbf).
• Clause 8.7 load to the gauge load that produces a diameter 3.30mm indentation on the standard test piece; when the 3559N(800lbf) load gauge drops by 22N(5lbf), and the 20000N(4500lbf) load gauge drops by 222N(50lbf), use the ratchet to tighten the load; after running for 15min, reduce the load by 445N(100lbf), then use the ratchet to restore to the test load.

7. Sampling and sample preparation

• Sampling: not provided in the available source.
• Standard sample preparation: see Section 4, Chapter 6.
• Test preparation (Chapter 7):
  • 7.1 Calibration of load gauge
    • 7.1.1 Calibration of the 3559N(800lbf) or 13345N(3000lbf) gauge.
      • 7.1.1.1 Remove the fixed screw and the steel ball of diameter 12.7mm from the right jaw hole (Figure 3).
      • 7.1.1.2 Install the fixed screw inlaid with a Brinell ball of diameter 10mm into the left jaw hole, and make the ball protrude about 4mm from the jaw.
      • 7.1.1.3 Install the support plug into the right jaw hole, and make it protrude about 0.8mm from the jaw.
      • 7.1.1.4 Use a support block to support the soft copper standard test piece marked with hardness (hereinafter referred to as standard test piece). Make the upper edge of the standard test piece about 2.5mm lower than the upper surface of the jaw. Place a steel ruler horizontally on the jaw surface. Adjust the fixed screw inlaid with a Brinell ball of diameter 10mm until the two jaw surfaces are parallel to the steel ruler and the standard test piece is in the position to be indented.
      • 7.1.1.5 Install the load gauge device with ratchet mechanism on the loading arm.
      • 7.1.1.6 Place the ratchet arm on the ratchet and start the motor, allowing the motor to rotate until the load gauge indicates 890N(200lbf). Because the ball sinks into the standard test piece, it is necessary to gently tighten the ratchet to maintain the load. Maintain the load at 890N for 1min to form an indentation.
      • 7.1.1.7 Turn off the machine, remove the load until the standard test piece is loose from the jaw, push the standard test piece forward by about 9.5mm so that the new indentation is separated from the original indentation, and the minimum distance should be 2.5 times the diameter of the original indentation. Check whether the jaw position has changed, repeat the above operation, and make indentations on the standard test piece with gauge loads of 1779, 2669 and 3559N(400, 600 and 800lbf) respectively. If the 13345N(3000lbf) gauge is used, repeat the indentation operation under loads of 3559, 6670 and 11120N(800, 1500 and 2500lbf).
      • 7.1.1.8 Remove the load gauge device and the standard test piece, and measure each indentation diameter with a microscope, accurate to 0.01mm, rotate the standard test piece, make three diameter measurements, ensure that two measurements are not on the same diameter, calculate the average of the three measurement results for each indentation and record it.
      • 7.1.1.9 Draw a curve of these four indentation readings as a function of the gauge load readings on log-log coordinate paper. From this curve, determine the gauge load reading corresponding to a diameter 3.1mm indentation. Generally speaking, this gauge load reading is about 314N(70lbf). This gauge load is used in the test procedure of Chapter 8. Figure 4 shows examples of curves of indentation diameter versus gauge load reading for several gauges. The log-log coordinate paper uses Shanghai Recording Paper Factory product number 4312 log-log coordinate paper.
    • 7.1.2 Calibration of the 20000N(4500lbf) gauge.
      • The method and procedure are the same as 7.1.1, but the indentations are made under gauge loads of 1334, 2224, 3336 and 4450N(300, 500, 750 and 1000lbf). After drawing the indentation reading curve, determine the gauge load corresponding to a diameter 3.30mm indentation. Generally speaking, this gauge load reading is about 1246N(280lbf). Use this load in the test procedure of Chapter 8 (Figure 4).
  • 7.2 Calibration of test equipment
    • Using the standard samples in Chapter 6, calibrate the equipment according to the test procedure in Chapter 8. The average of three replicate test results of the standard sample should be within the following ranges:
      • Mixture A: average wear teeth of three replicate tests 36～71
      • Mixture B: average wear teeth of three replicate tests 101～127
  • 7.3 Instrument preparation
    • 7.3.1 Thoroughly clean each test piece (V-shaped block, test shaft and locking pin), test oil cup, and the fixture for the V-shaped block and test shaft, etc. In short, all parts that contact the specimen should first be cleaned with washing gasoline, then rinsed with petroleum ether, and finally naturally dried in air.
    • 7.3.2 The cleaned test pieces, especially the test surfaces of the V-shaped block and test shaft, must not be contaminated or have fingerprints.

8. Analysis steps

• 8.1 Install the test shaft on the main shaft of the testing machine and lock it with a new locking pin, as shown in Figure 2.
• 8.2 Install the two V-shaped blocks into the holes of the jaws respectively, then bring the V-shaped block into contact with the test shaft, making the V-shaped groove parallel to the test shaft, as shown in Figure 2.
• 8.3 Pour about [unreadable sample quantity] (original source-text extraction is “[unreadable sample quantity]”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)) of sample into the test oil cup, and place it on the heating support plate of the testing machine, raise the sample temperature to [unreadable temperature]℃±3℃ (original source-text extraction is “[unreadable value]℃[unreadable sign]39C”, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)), raise the cup so that the V-shaped block is immersed in the sample.
• 8.4 Install the load gauge device with ratchet mechanism on the loading arm.
• 8.5 Turn the ratchet by hand to eliminate slack in the device. At this time, the torque gauge should read zero or this initial state should be regarded as zero.
• 8.6 Start the motor, place the ratchet arm on the ratchet, and increase the load until it corresponds to the gauge load value that produces a diameter 2.10mm indentation on the standard test piece. For a 3559N(800lbf) or 13345N(3000lbf) load gauge, generally about 1112N(250lbf); if a 20000N(4500lbf) gauge is used, generally about 1246N(280lbf). Remove the ratchet arm, stop loading and start the stopwatch, and let the testing machine run under this load for 5min.
• 8.7 Re-place the ratchet arm on the ratchet and load to the gauge load that produces a diameter 3.30mm indentation on the standard test piece (see Chapter 7). When this load is reached, disengage the ratchet arm, start the stopwatch and record the number of ratchet teeth. During the test, wear will cause the load to decrease; when the 3559N(800lbf) load gauge drops by 22N(5lbf), and the 20000N(4500lbf) load gauge drops by 222N(50lbf), use the ratchet to tighten the load to keep the load nearly constant during the test. After running for 15min, reduce the load by 445N(100lbf), then use the ratchet to restore to the test load, immediately mark a line on the ratchet to determine the number of worn teeth. Stop the motor.

9. Qualitative and quantitative and calculation formulas

• 9.1 For samples with low load-carrying capacity, seizure may occur between the V-shaped block and the test shaft during the test; in this case, the test should be stopped.
• 9.2 Place a pencil horizontally on the loading arm and mark a line on the ratchet to quickly determine the number of gear teeth. The difference between the number of ratchet teeth at the start of the test and the number of ratchet teeth at the end of the test represents the total number of worn teeth.
• Calculation formula: not provided in the available source (expressed as number of worn teeth, no formula given).

10. Precision

• 10.1 The reliability of test results is judged by the following values (95% confidence level).
  • 10.1.1 Repeatability: the difference between two consecutive test results obtained by the same operator using the same equipment, the same test material, specified operating conditions and test method shall not exceed 22% of the average value.
  • 10.1.2 Reproducibility: the difference between two separate test results obtained by different operators working in different laboratories using the same test material, the same operating conditions and test method shall not exceed 49% of the average value.

11. Report

• 11.1 If seizure occurs between the V-shaped block and the test shaft, report as seizure.
• 11.2 Report the number of worn teeth.

12. Referenced documents

• GB/T 259 Determination of water-soluble acids and alkalis in petroleum products
• GB/T 260 Determination of water in petroleum products
• GB/T 265 Determination of kinematic viscosity of petroleum products and calculation of dynamic viscosity
• GB/T 267 Determination of flash point and fire point of petroleum products (open cup method)
• GB/T 511 Determination of mechanical impurities in petroleum products and additives (gravimetric method)
• GB 1922 Solvent naphtha
• GB/T 3535 Determination of pour point of petroleum
• SH 0114 Aviation washing gasoline
• SH/T 0117 Determination of color of kerosene for lamps (potassium dichromate solution colorimetric method)
• SH 0164 Rules for packaging, storage, transportation and delivery acceptance of petroleum products
• SH/T 0415 Test method for ultraviolet absorbance of petroleum products
• SH 0103 (cited in Appendix A, standard name not provided in the available source)
• ASTM B16 “Specification for rapid-cutting brass bars, rods and profiles for screw machines”
• ASTM D2670-81 “Determination of wear properties of liquid lubricants”

13. Source and verification

This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.

14. Quick reference Q&A