SH/T 0075-1991 CC grade diesel engine oil high-temperature detergency evaluation method (1135C₂ method)

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Card type: Test method

1. Method number / full name / English name / replacement relationship

• Standard number: SH/T 0075-91
• Chinese full name: CC grade diesel engine oil high-temperature detergency evaluation method (1135C₂ method)
• English name: not provided in the available source
• Replacement relationship: From the date of implementation of this standard, the 135-C method in the former Ministry of Petroleum Industry standard SY 2625-82 "High-temperature detergency evaluation method for supercharged diesel engine oils (1135 single-cylinder evaluation method) 135-C method, 135-D method" is invalid.
• Publication/implementation: Approved by China Petrochemical Corporation 1991-06-28, implemented on 1992-07-01.

2. Scope of application and non-applicability

• Scope of application: This standard specifies the procedures, operating conditions, test conditions, and detailed rules for equipment installation and operation for evaluating oils using a supercharged 1135 single-cylinder diesel engine; it is applicable to evaluating the high-temperature detergency of CC grade diesel engine oils.
• Not applicable: not provided in the available source.

3. Method principle

Not provided in the available source (the standard gives the evaluation method by specifying test procedures, operating conditions, test conditions, and detailed rules for equipment installation and operation, and does not separately list a "principle" clause).

4. Reagents and materials (purity / preparation)

• Fuel: sulfur content is 0.4%±0.02%, and all other indicators shall comply with the -10 grade light diesel fuel specified in GB 252.
• Solvent naphtha: complies with NY260 in GB 1922.
• Sandpaper: Yin-100 grade (requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction), the source text is "Yin Yi 100 grade").
• Sample: 25 tons (the source text is "25 tons", suspected to be an error for "25 kg", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• Reference oil: For every 10 tests or one year, the engine shall be calibrated using the uniformly specified reference oil; the reference oil and test results are shown in Table 4 (piston detergency first ring groove carbon filling degree 20-45%, weighted total deposit score 122-195 points).

5. Instruments and equipment

• Equipment: supercharged 1135 single-cylinder oil test machine, model YS 1135-1, main performance and parameters:
  • Type: single-cylinder vertical external air source supercharged
  • Cylinder bore: 135 mm
  • Piston stroke: 140 mm
  • Rated power: 29.4 kW
  • Rated speed: 1500 r/min
  • Mean effective pressure: 1176.8 kPa
  • Mean piston speed: 7 m/s
  • Piston displacement: 2 L
  • Strengthening coefficient: 42
  • Starting method: electric starting
  • Supercharging pressure: 196.1 kPa
  • Fuel consumption rate: <258.3 g/kW·h (the source text is "sui kW-h", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
• Instruments and meters: a. dynamometer b. platform scale (50kg) c. balance (2000g) d. injector nozzle test bench e. injection pump test bench f. automatic fuel consumption and speed tester g. cylinder gauge, micrometer, feeler gauge h. intake system pressure stabilization, pressure measurement, and automatic control device, see Figure A1 i. intake air temperature measurement and automatic control device, see Figure A2 j. cooling water temperature measurement and automatic control device, see Figure A3 k. fuel consumption measurement system, see Figure A4 l. engine speed measurement and remote control system, see Figure A5 m. engine load measurement and remote control system, see Figure A6 n. exhaust pressure stabilization, back pressure measurement and control, exhaust temperature measurement, and exhaust back pressure valve structure, see Figure A7.1, Figure A7.2 o. crankcase vacuum control, measurement, and breather device, see Figure A8.1, Figure A8.2
• Appendix B10: When the instrument models listed in this method cannot be completely identical, they may be selected independently, but the selected instruments must ensure good control and accurate measurement.

6. Recommended operating conditions

Test conditions (5.2.3):

• Power: 22 kW
• Speed: 1500±10 r/min
• Intake pressure: 137±2 kPa
• Intake temperature: 80±2 ℃
• Cooling water outlet temperature: 70±2 ℃
• Cooling water inlet-outlet temperature difference: 6±1 ℃ (the source text is "611", requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction))
• Cooling medium: water
• Crankcase vacuum: 100～500 Pa
• Engine oil temperature: 85±2 ℃
• Exhaust temperature: 480±50 ℃
• Exhaust back pressure: 4±1.3 kPa
• Engine oil pressure: 245～294 kPa
• Crankcase engine oil fill amount: 7.5 kg
• Fuel sulfur content: 0.4±0.02%
• Fuel consumption rate: 238±6 g/kW·h
• Running time: 100 h

Note: The above intake pressure refers to absolute pressure, and exhaust back pressure refers to back pressure under standard atmospheric pressure. For regions where atmospheric pressure is not within 100.0～101.3 kPa, the difference between the region and standard atmospheric pressure must be added, and the exhaust back pressure shall also be correspondingly added.

The running-in operation specification is shown in Table 1; the temperature-raising operation specification is shown in Table 2; the load-reducing and temperature-reducing specification is shown in Table 3 (the source table source-text extraction is severely incomplete, specific values require confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).

7. Sampling and sample preparation

• Sample: 25 tons (source text, suspected to be 25 kg, requires confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• Before each test, the engine shall be disassembled, thoroughly cleaned with solvent naphtha, and worn parts shall be inspected, measured, and replaced, see Appendix B, Appendix C.
• Cylinder head: Check that the distance between the valve top surface and the cylinder head bottom plane shall be maintained between 1.45～2.25 mm (the clearance range and unit are unclear in the source transcription and require verification), otherwise the valve and valve seat must be replaced; grind the valve with grinding paste; scrape off carbon deposits and oil sludge from the intake port, exhaust port, valve, valve seat insert, etc., and clean them with solvent naphtha; the distance between the injector nozzle and the cylinder head plane is 2.5～3.0 mm, otherwise it must be adjusted with a copper gasket; use a new cylinder head gasket for each assembly.
• Piston: Use the special piston for oil test machines produced by Chengdu Parts Factory, its dimensions and clearance with the cylinder liner are shown in Appendix B2; use a new piston for each test; when moving the piston assembly, care shall be taken not to damage the piston surface, especially to avoid the formation of burrs on the edges of the ring lands.
• Cylinder liner: Measure the inner diameter before assembly; the taper and wear value shall not exceed 0.05 mm, and the ovality shall not exceed 0.03 mm, otherwise a new cylinder liner must be replaced; if obvious scratches and scuffing appear on the liner, a new cylinder liner must also be replaced; the measurement method is according to Appendix B4.
• Piston rings: Use 6135K-9 type supercharged diesel engine piston rings; use new piston rings for each test; the piston rings shall be measured for end gap in a qualified cylinder liner and for side clearance in the piston ring groove, see Appendix B3; when measuring the side clearance of the ring, the ring shall be installed in the ring groove, and a feeler gauge shall be used to measure once along the upper and lower sides of the ring respectively; if the ring is found to be deformed, it shall be reselected.
• Connecting rod bearing shells: Use 135 series diesel engine high-tin bearing shells produced by Shanghai Alloy Bearing Factory; if old shells are used, the bearing shell surface shall have no scoring, no scratches or bruises, and the assembly clearance with the crankshaft journal shall comply with the specifications in the 135 series diesel engine manual.
• Injector nozzle: Use ZCK 150S 437-D (or 435-E) injector nozzles produced by Shanghai Diesel Engine Factory; the atomization quality of the injector nozzle shall be checked on the test bench, see Appendix B6.

8. Analysis steps

8.1 Engine assembly and adjustment

• Install the piston and connecting rod mechanism:
  • When installing the piston pin, the piston needs to be heated to about 100℃ to expand the pin hole, and then the piston pin is installed into the piston pin hole; it is not allowed to force the piston pin into the pin hole without heating, to prevent piston deformation.
  • When installing the piston assembly into the cylinder liner, first clean the piston, piston rings, connecting rod bushing, connecting rod bearing shells, etc. with solvent naphtha, dry them, and coat them with the sample.
  • The piston is equipped with three gas rings, of which the first is a chrome-plated ring, the second and third are inner-circle chamfered rings, and when installing, the chamfer shall face upward; the fourth is an inner-expanding spring oil ring.
  • When installing the piston and connecting rod assembly into the cylinder liner, the opening positions of the piston rings shall be arranged according to the provisions of Appendix B7.
• Tighten the cylinder head nuts: Do not fully tighten at once, and do not use excessive force; tighten once in the order symmetrical to the bolts, then tighten a second and third time, and finally tighten to a torque wrench reading of 196～245 N·m.
• Check the compression ratio according to Appendix B8.
• Check and adjust valve clearance:
  • Intake valve clearance: cold engine 0.30 mm, hot engine 0.25 mm
  • Exhaust valve clearance: cold engine 0.35 mm, hot engine 0.30 mm
• Check and adjust the injection advance angle to 29°～30° before top dead center, see Appendix B9.
• Check valve timing:
  • Intake valve opens: 62°±6° before top dead center; intake valve closes: 48°±6° after bottom dead center
  • Exhaust valve opens: 48°±6° before bottom dead center; exhaust valve closes: 62°±6° after top dead center

8.2 Running-in operation

• Add sample 7.5 kg to the crankcase of the installed engine.
• Add water to the cooling water tank and open the outlet and inlet valves.
• Open the fuel inlet valve, manually press the fuel transfer pump to remove air, and fill the pump and filter with fuel.
• The running-in operation specification is carried out according to Table 1.
• After stopping, check and adjust the valve clearance.
• Drain the sample from the crankcase; the draining time shall be 30 min or more.

8.3 Formal test

• Add sample 7.5 kg again to the crankcase.
• After starting the engine, operate according to the temperature-raising specification; except for the engine oil temperature, all others shall reach the test conditions within 1.5 h, and timing shall begin. See Table 2.
• Test conditions are shown in Section 6.
• Intermediate work during the test:
  • During the test, the intake air temperature, cooling water temperature, engine oil temperature, etc. shall be controlled as much as possible at the midpoint of the specified temperatures.
  • Every 20 h of operation, add engine oil once to the engine crankcase (about 500～1000 g), up to the liquid level mark, and record the amount added.
  • Record engine speed, power, fuel consumption rate, intake air temperature, intake air pressure, cooling water outlet temperature, oil temperature, oil pressure, exhaust temperature, exhaust back pressure, crankcase vacuum degree, etc., once every hour.
  • In principle, shutdown is not allowed during the test. If shutdown occurs due to a general fault, restarting shall follow the warm-up specifications, and timing shall continue when the test condition requirements are met. The intermediate shutdown time shall not be counted in the test time.
• End-of-test specifications:
  • When the engine runs to 99 h 30 min, reduce load and temperature according to the specifications in Table 3.
  • The engine may be shut down only after the cooling water temperature, oil temperature, and intake air temperature drop below 70℃.
  • Immediately after shutdown, discharge the sample. The discharge time shall be 30 min or more. All samples shall be weighed and recorded.
  • Discharge the cooling water and close the fuel inlet valve.
  • After shutdown and cooling for 1 h, the machine may be disassembled.

8.4 Appendix C Installation and Operation Details (Supplementary Document)

• C1 The distances of the temperature measurement points specified in this method are measured from the end point of the temperature sensor.
• C2 The opening of the back pressure valve for each test shall be fixed under standard operating conditions and may not be adjusted when the engine load or speed is increased or decreased.
• C3 Adjustment of the crankcase breather vacuum degree. Under test conditions, the crankcase vacuum degree of the engine shall be 100～500 Pa. Achieving this vacuum degree is ensured by the following three conditions:
  • C3.1 The engine cylinder (cylinder liner, piston, piston rings) is well sealed.
  • C3.2 The thickness and smoothness of the valve plate in the breather must be appropriate. For a valve plate used for the first time, the typical machining thickness is 1 mm, and it shall be measured under standard engine operating conditions. If the vacuum degree is not within 100～500 Pa, it can be achieved by adjusting the thickness of the valve plate.
  • C3.3 Keep the valve plate and valve seat clean. In particular, after adding oil to the crankcase before starting, wipe clean around the breather valve seat; otherwise, during the initial period after engine startup, this oil may sometimes stick the valve plate, making the valve plate rise and fall inflexibly, causing unstable crankcase vacuum degree or even positive pressure.
• C4 Add an oil cooler coil. When the oil temperature exceeds the test conditions, an oil cooling coil may be added.
• C5 Before each assembly, clean the interior of the engine block with solvent oil until the solvent flowing out is clean, and inspect and replace every part that does not meet the specifications.
  • C5.1 In order to clean and make the interior of the engine block clean, the oil filter element, the oil pump inlet strainer, and the valve tappet chamber cover must be removed, and then a dedicated solvent oil pump shall be used to pump solvent oil to clean the interior of the engine. Then pour some sample oil on the gears and bearings to prevent dry friction of the gears and bearings during the first startup after assembly.
  • C5.2 Carefully clean each removed part with solvent oil.
• C6 After installing the rocker arm so that its contact ends with the two valve stems are centered with each other, tighten the rocker arm assembly screws.
• C7 Operational aspects:
  • C7.1 Before starting the engine, check whether it is connected to the atmosphere. During the initial period of engine startup or the period before stopping operation, the engine operates under normal pressure. At this time, the engine intake system must promptly open the valve connected to the atmosphere; otherwise, the engine will not start (or will suddenly stop running).
  • C7.2 Engine load changes: When increasing load, first increase the intake air pressure, then open the throttle wider and increase the load, and repeat the adjustment. The purpose of doing this is that during the short time of load change, the air entering the cylinder should preferably have a slightly larger excess air coefficient rather than insufficient air. If air is insufficient, the fuel cannot burn completely, and the cylinder will be filled with carbon ash, which will affect the test results. By the same reasoning, when decreasing load, first decrease the load, close the throttle, and then decrease the intake air pressure.
  • C7.3 During normal operation, if the exhaust temperature exceeds the specified range, the exhaust smoke density exceeds 5, or the engine power is lower than the test specification, the fuel injector must be replaced.
  • C7.4 After the test is completed, before removing the piston from the cylinder, the carbon deposits on the non-working surface of the cylinder should first be scraped clean with a knife; otherwise, not only will it be difficult to pull out the piston, but the outer surface of the piston may also be easily scratched, and the movement condition of the rings may be affected.
  • C7.5 After the piston is pulled out of the cylinder, if the piston is still relatively hot, it must not be cleaned immediately with solvent oil; otherwise, after the hot piston is immersed in solvent oil, the properties of the carbon deposits and lacquer film will be affected.

8.5 Appendix B Technical Requirements for Assembly, Inspection, and Use (Supplementary Document)

• B1 Valve grinding and sealing inspection method: Whether new or old valves, they must be ground with grinding compound. Apply a layer of oil on the valve and seat ring, apply a small amount of grinding compound on the conical surface of the valve (first coarse, then fine), place the valve into the valve seat hole, use a rubber suction cup to hold the valve for grinding. During grinding, first twist the valve back and forth while gently tapping until a continuous silver-gray ring band appears on the valve seat ring. After the valve is ground, the valve seat ring, the air passage around the seat ring hole, and the inside and outside of the valve guide must be cleaned with solvent oil before assembly. After the valve is installed on the seat ring, pour solvent oil onto the valve disc; if there is no leakage after 5 min, it indicates that the valve seal is good.
• B2 New piston machining dimensions and the assembly clearance between the piston and cylinder liner are shown in Table B1 (the original table source-text extraction is incomplete, specific values require confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction)).
• B3 Piston ring end gap and side clearance are shown in Table B2:
  • First ring: end gap 0.6～0.8 mm, side clearance 0.10～0.12 mm
  • Second ring: end gap 0.5～0.7 mm, side clearance 0.08～0.10 mm
  • Third ring: end gap 0.5～0.7 mm, side clearance 0.08～0.10 mm
  • Fourth ring: end gap 0.4～0.6 mm, side clearance 0.06～0.08 mm
• B4 Measurement of cylinder liner inner diameter:
  • B4.1 During measurement, the room temperature shall be within the range of 20～30℃.
  • B4.2 During measurement, first clean the cylinder liner, then measure the inner diameter with a cylinder bore gauge.
  • B4.3 The measurement positions are at the upper limit, lower limit, and middle position of the piston. That is, at 35, 70, 105, 140, and 170 mm from the top of the cylinder, in four directions parallel to the crankshaft centerline and at angles of 45°, 90°, and 135° to the centerline.
  • B4.4 Calculate the measured readings to determine the wear value, ovality, and taper of the cylinder liner.
• B5 Method for removing sealing wax from a new cylinder liner: New cylinder liners are coated with anti-rust wax. The method for removing this wax is to place the cylinder liner in hot water (above 80℃), wait for the wax to melt, take it out, wipe it clean with a cloth, and then place it in solvent oil to clean it thoroughly.
• B6 Fuel injector inspection method: The quality of the fuel injector determines the atomization condition, fuel injection fineness, and whether there is dripping or leakage at the needle valve seat surface, etc. Regardless of the type of inspection performed, the fuel injector should first be carefully cleaned with clean light diesel oil. The fuel injector is installed on the test bench, generally using light diesel oil with a density of 0.82～0.84, and calibration is performed at a temperature of 20～30℃.
  • B6.1 Sliding inspection: Keep the fuel injector vertical, pull the needle valve out from above by 1/3, and let it slowly fall under its own gravity to inspect the sliding condition. If the needle valve can slowly fall to the valve seat surface under its own gravity and the mating seat surface is smooth, the sliding is good.
  • B6.2 Spray inspection: Install the fuel injector assembly on the test bench, adjust the injection pressure to 18.6 MPa, and pump oil at a speed of 60～70 times/min, observe the atomization quality. The oil mist should be fine and uniform, and the oil particles in any cross-section of the spray cone should be uniformly distributed, with no oil dripping. The cone angle of the spray direction shall be 15°～20°; fuel cutoff should be timely and accompanied by a special crisp sound.
  • B6.3 Seat surface sealing inspection: The time for the fuel injector injection pressure to drop from 18.6 MPa to 14.7 MPa shall be not less than 10～25 s, and check whether the fuel injector tip leaks or seeps.
• B7 When the piston and connecting rod assembly is installed into the cylinder liner, the opening positions of the piston rings shall all be separated by 120°.
• B8 Method for inspecting and adjusting the compression ratio:
  • B8.1 Place a piece of lead wire on the piston, then install the cylinder head and tighten the cylinder head bolts.
  • B8.2 Turn the flywheel by hand in the engine rotation direction so that the engine piston moves to top dead center.
  • B8.3 Remove the cylinder head, take out the lead wire, and measure the thickness. This thickness is the clearance volume.
  • B8.4 If the measured thickness is not within the range of 1.9～2.1 mm, shims of different thicknesses may be installed at the bottom of the cylinder block to adjust it.
• B9 Inspection and adjustment of fuel injection advance angle:
  • B9.1 Remove the high-pressure fuel pipe from the fuel injection pump.
  • B9.2 Raise the throttle to the maximum fuel supply position, and pump oil by hand to expel air.
  • B9.3 Rotate the crankshaft and carefully observe the oil level in the inner hole of the fuel injection pump outlet pipe joint. When the oil level is seen to rise slightly, stop rotating the crankshaft; this indicates the start of fuel injection. The fuel injection advance angle can then be determined according to the scale marks on the flywheel. The fuel injection advance angle of this machine is 29°～30°.
  • B9.4 If the fuel injection advance angle needs adjustment, loosen the two nuts securing the fuel injection pump shaft coupling, and slightly rotate the engine or the fuel injection pump shaft coupling to increase or decrease the fuel injection advance angle.
• B10 If the instrument models listed in this method cannot be completely matched, they may be selected independently, but the selected instruments must ensure good controllability and accurate measurement.

9. Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation and Calculation Formulas

• Cleanliness: Refer to SH/T 0031 and score according to Appendix D of this standard, 'Piston Cleanliness Rating Table', and report the test results.
• Calculate oil consumption rate: The consumption rate of single-grade oil shall be less than 2.0 g/kW·h, and the consumption rate of multi-grade oil shall be less than 4.0 g/kW·h; otherwise, the test is invalid.
• Appendix D Piston Cleanliness Rating Table (Supplementary Document): Test oil, engine number, test method number, year month day; deposit type (carbon deposits: heavy carbon, medium carbon, light carbon; lacquer film: black, dark brown, brown, light brown, yellow); deposit coefficient; ring groove, ring land, etc. area %, rating; area fairness score, area weighting coefficient, area weighted score, total weighted score (points), first ring groove carbon deposit fullness (%); rater. The original table source-text extraction is severely incomplete, specific coefficients and area values require confirmation against the source standard (source-text extraction).

10. Precision

Not provided in the available source.

11. Report

• Cleanliness: Refer to SH/T 0031 and score according to Appendix D of this standard, 'Piston Cleanliness Rating Table', and report the test results.
• Computer oil consumption rate: the single-grade oil consumption rate should be less than 2.0 g/kW·h, and the multigrade oil consumption rate should be less than 4.0 g/kW·h; otherwise the test is invalid.
• During the test, record engine speed, power, fuel consumption rate, intake air temperature, intake air pressure, cooling water outlet temperature, oil temperature, oil pressure, exhaust temperature, exhaust back pressure, crankcase vacuum, etc., once every hour.
• After shutdown, immediately drain the sample; the draining time shall be 30 min or more; weigh all samples and keep records.

12. Referenced Documents

• GB 252 Light Diesel Fuel
• GB 1922 Solvent Naphtha
• SH/T 0031 Diesel Engine Piston Cleanliness Rating Method
• Former Ministry of Petroleum Industry departmental standard SY 2625-82 "Method for Evaluating High-Temperature Cleanliness of Supercharged Diesel Engine Oils (1135 Single-Cylinder Evaluation Method) 135-C Method, 135-D Method" (the 135-C method therein is invalid as of the implementation date of this standard)

13. Source and verification

This page is an AI translation of the available Chinese method card. Human verification is pending. It is not an official translation of the standard. Check the source standard and product certificate before use.

14. Quick Reference Q&A